Industrial-Organizational psychology in the Americas: Past & future trends Harold Takooshian, APA International Psychology

Overview International origins of scientific Y Y today: indigenous (193) + specialized (52) I-O Y today in the North America today Origins of I-O Y in North America I-O Y today in South v North America The future of U.S. I-O Y : 3 trends 7. Conclusion

1a. International origins of Y 1879 Wundt: Germany 1881 Ochorowicz: Poland 1889 International Exposition: France

1b. Paris international expo 1889 !

1c. International Y By 1889 Y had developed many specialties covering specialty areas (criminal studies, education, psychopathology, psychophysics, therapy) and phenomena (amnesia, hypnosis, hallucinations, learning, perception). In 1889 several scholars and scientists decided to hold the International Congress of Physiological Y in Paris.

2a. Y: Indigenous and specialized Indigenous: National Y (193 nations) 1885 Russia (125th anniversary in 2010) 1892 USA (APA) Specialized: In every nation In APA, 54 divisions. Division 52 (1997)= International Y Division 14 (1945)= I-O Y

3. I-O Y today in North America 4 I-O areas today in SIOP (Society for I-O Y): Personnel Y: Fit the person to the organization Who to recruit, select, train, assess, promote Organizational Y: Fit the organization to the person 3. Human factors: Ergonomics, engineering Y Consumer behavior: Reach outside the organization (Advertising, marketing)

4a. Origins of I-O Y in North America Personnel Y James McKeen Cattell 1890 “mental tests” 1921 Psychological Corporation 1917 Military Y (Goddard) Human factors 1909 “time-motion studies” F.W. Taylor, F+L. Gilbreth

4b. Origins of I-O Y in North America Consumer behavior 1901 Walter Dill Scott 1903 Y of advertising Organizational Y 1927-39 Hawthorne studies (Elton Mayo) 1960 Human enterprise Douglas McGregor HRM = “Labor Y” shift

4. Growth of I-O Y: South v North America South America: None 1984 Universidad d’Atacama Abel Gallardo, MS http://abelgallardo.tripod.com North America: 1987: Society for I-O Psychology www.siop.org 4,000 of 84,000 demand, salaries, growth (NYC 2007)

5a. 3 future trends in U.S. I-O Y APA I-O Psychology Handbook (S. Zedeck, 2011) 1. Human Relations Movement (HRM): Ways to humanize the corporation Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) 3. Predicting counterproductive behaviors (CPB)

5b. HRM: Target Corporation HOW CAN TARGET PROMOTE ITS EMPLOYEES’ WELFARE? ANNE TAKOOSHIAN: TARGET “TEAM” H.R. (HUMAN RESOURCES) “360-degree feedback:” assessing job satisfaction, annual Employee Attitude Surveys Employee wellness: Physical & mental health, EAP Counseling: finances, family, career development Insurance: Home, car, life, health, pension Community involvement: volunteers, social activities, TCOE 1%,

5b. Org. citizenship behaviors PROMOTING POSITIVE Y IN ORGANIZATIONS? Y tests: Shift from clinical to I-O Assessing job satisfaction: JDI, MSQ… OCQ, Org. Commitment (Porter, 1979) OCB, Org. citizenship (Podsakoff, 2000)

5c. Counterproductive behaviors CAN ORGANIZATIONS AVOID CPBs? Y tests: Shift from clinical to I-O Dependent personality (drugs, alcohol) Dishonesty Lateness, absence, malingering Violence, anger, conflict

Thank you ! Professor Alexander Voronov ! Professor Evgeny Osin ! Professor Valentin Spivakovsky ! Anne W.S. Takooshian !

125 years of International Y: IAAP, Paris, 8-13 July 2014

International Y in New York City: March 1-4, 2013, EPA conference