1. A History of American Human Resources Management
Chapter Two
A History of American Human Resources Management

2. Learning Objectives
Identify the major movements affecting the development of human resources management
Identify the personnel specialists who were the forerunners of the modern human resources department
In general terms, describe the contributions of systems theory, socio-technical systems design, and the behavioral sciences to contemporary human resources management

3. Scientific Management Movement 1800s and early 1900s
Frederick W. Taylor
Scientific Job design: involved simplifying tasks and increasing job by analyzing workers motions, materials and equipment
Scientific selection: involved choosing workers with the right skills for carrying out organized jobs.
Scientific training and development: meant training workers for particular taskes instead of letting workers choose their own work method…
Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
Time-and-Motion Study: to increase efficienty in industry

4. Industrial Welfare Movement
Around the turn of the century, many firms began to improve working conditions and attend to the well being of workers on and off the Job.Voluntary improvement of employment conditions
Social or welfare secretaries were employed with finances, housing, health, recreation, education and so on

5. Early Industrial Psychology
Hugo Münsterburg
He was interesting in analyzing jobs in terms of their physical mental and emotional requirements. He developed several testing devices for selecting workers for particular tasks.

6. The Human Relations Movement
It’s focused on group behavior and worker’s feelings as they related to productivity and on morale.
This movement grew out of the work of researchers at an industrial plant in Chicago: their studies became known as the Hawthorne Studies: effect of human interaction on morale and motivation; productivity is partly dependent on employee cooperation and participation in decision making.The Organization as a Social System in which productivity in relation to team-building

7. The Labor Movement
Worker protection against abuses of the Industrial Revolution
Collective bargaining
Protests and strikes

8. The Growth of Unions
Knights of Labor - National Labor Organization
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
AFL merged with Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) to form AFL-CIO
leads labor movement today

9. Development of HRM as a Profession
Around the turn of the century some companies began hiring Specialists to assist with such matters as employment, safety, training, health: employment agents, labor department specialists, wage clerks, pension administrators, training specialists, safety specialists

10. Development of HRM as a Profession (cont’d)
Systems Theory
Helps HR managers understand how a change in one component of org can have repercussions throughout firm
Socio-technical Systems Design
Focuses on design of organizations and jobs toward improving the relationship between technical and social systems
Goal is to increase productivity, quality and employee motivation and satisfaction

11. Development of HRM as a Profession (cont’d)
The Behavioral Sciences
Industrial-organizational psychology studies dynamics of leadership, group behavior, and motivation
Professional Associations, College and University Curricula, and Publications
Globalization of Management Practice
As work moves between countries with different mores and laws, new problems created

12. Key Terms Scientific management movement Time-and-motion study
Industrial welfare movement
Social, or welfare, secretary
Industrial psychology
Human relations movement
Labor unions
Collective bargaining
Protests
Strikes
Knights of Labor
American Federation of Labor
AFL-CIO

13. Key Terms (cont’d) Behavioral sciences
Industrial-organizational psychology
Globalization