1. by Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte, 2/e
Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology
by Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte, 2/e

2. Industrial-Organizational
Chapter 1
An Introduction to
Industrial-Organizational
Psychology

3. Module 1.1: Fundamentals of I-O Psychology
Importance of I-O psychology
Importance of work in people’s lives
What is I-O psychology?
SIOP (Division 14 of APA)
Fields of I-O psychology
Personnel psychology
Organizational psychology
Human engineering

4. SIOP as a Resource www.siop.org History of I-O psychology
Membership information (incl. students)
Quarterly newspaper: TIP
JobNet
Educational institutions that offer graduate training programs in I-O psychology
List of SIOP publications

5. How This Course Can Help You
Knowledge about 21st century workplace
Course will address issues such as work stress, work-family balance, workplace discrimination, & leadership

6. Module 1.2: The past, present, and future of I-O Psychology
The Past – Important Dates/Events in I-O Psychology
The Present – Demographics and Career Paths
Future Challenges to I-O Psychology

7. Important Dates in the Evolution of I-O Psychology
Figure 1.1
Important Dates in
the Evolution of
I-O Psychology

8. Brief History of I-O Psychology
Hugo Munsterburg, James McKeen Cattell, Walter Dill Scott, & Walter Van Dyke Bingham
World War 1: Army Alpha & Army Beta Tests
1917 – First Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology awarded to Lillian Gilbreth
Research in time & motion study → Human Engineering

9. Brief History of I-O Psychology (cont'd)
Hawthorne Studies, Human Relations
Human relations movement
Theories of motivation
Emotional world of the worker
Studies of job satisfaction
WWII
Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII

10. Demographics of I-O Psychologists
In 2000, I-O psychologists represented about 6% of all APA members
In 2000, 30% of I-O psychologists in APA were women
Average salaries:
Ph.D. in I-O psychology: $90,000
Masters in I-O psychology: $67,000

11. Where I-O Psychologists are Employed
Figure 1.2
Where I-O Psychologists
are Employed.
Source: SIOP Survey (2002).

12. Preparing for a Career in I-O Psychology
Education & training
Getting into a graduate program
Consideration of GPA & GRE score(s)
Relevant coursework (e.g., statistics)
More emphasis on coursework than major

13. Challenges to I-O in 21st Century
I-O psychology needs to be:
Relevant
Useful
Grounded in scientific method

14. Changes in the Workplace Since 1980
Personal computing
Telecommuting & virtual teams
Videoconferencing
Providing a service vs. manufacturing “goods”
Nature of work more fluid
Teams vs. the individual
Little stability
Family-friendly workplaces
Greater diversity
Global workplace
Milton Montenegro/Getty Images

15. Module 1.3: Multicultural & Cross-Cultural Issues in I-O Psychology
Multiculturalism
Culture defined
System in which individuals share meaning & common ways of viewing events & objects
Sharing of meanings & interpretations
Royalty-Free/CORBIS

16. Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)
Figure 1.3
The Dynamic of Top-Down-Bottom-Up Processes across levels of culture

17. Multicultural Nature of Work in the 21st Century
Why should multiculturalism be important to you?
Why is multiculturalism important for I-O psychology?
Issues surrounding the global economy, expatriates, & the “West vs. the Rest” mentality

18. Theory of Cultural Influence
Hofstede’s 5 cultural dimensions
Individualism/collectivism
Power distance
Uncertainty avoidance
Masculinity/femininity
Long-term vs. short-term orientation

19. Cultural Differences Among Countries
Figure 1.4
Cultural Differences
among Countries
Source: Hofstede, 1993, p.91.

20. Thoughts on Theories of Cultural Influence
Triandis’ variation on Hofstede’s dimension of individualism/collectivism
Horizontal cultures – those that minimize distances between individuals
Vertical cultures – accept & depend on distances between individuals

21. Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)
Figure 1.5
Triandis’s View of
Cultural Determinants
in the Workplace

22. Module 1.4: Themes & Course Structure
A) Unified Science
B) Holistic Approach
Parts of the book:
Introduction
Industrial Psychology
Organizational Psychology
Work Environment

23. Module 4 (cont’d) Resources Case study Paper (I-O Journals/Books)
Electronic: I-O websites (e.g.,
Case study
Provides example of complexity of work behavior