Industrialization, Immigration, and Imperialism And some Progressive Era stuff too… US History Mr. W.

Industrialization The big businesses of the 1870’s-1910’s concentrated on developing the nations natural resources

Industrialization Petroleum (PA, TX, KY, OH, IL, IN) Iron ore (used to make steel-Great lakes region)

Industrialization Copper (MI, MT, AZ) Coal (PA, WV) Timber (OR)

Industrialization The men who became the industrial leaders of the time were often called the “Robber Barons” because they were only interested in making money.

Industrialization 1. John D. Rockefeller- He was the founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust.

Industrialization 2. Jay Gould Cornelius Vanderbilt -American entrepreneurs who built their wealth in shipping and railroads.

Industrialization 3. Philip Armour , Gustavus Swift -meat packing industry

Industrialization 4. J.P. Morgan-financier, investment banker and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time.

Industrialization 5. Andrew Carnegie - earned most of his fortune in the steel industry founding the Carnegie Steel Company. - He also wrote “The Gospel of Wealth,” an essay promoting free market economy and the responsibilities of the self-made rich.

Industrialization All of these robber barons were making lots of money, teaming up together creating Trusts and Monopolies. Trust - A method of grouping many companies and plants into one organization. Big industry became possible when the railroads created national markets.

Industrialization The US government, and much of the nation, believed in the principles of: Laissez-Faire economics, which dictated that the economic market should run freely without government interference. So basically, the rich got richer and there were no consequences for their companies.

Industrialization Besides big business and robber barons, there were also inventions the spurred the industrial age: X-Ray Machine Telephone Motion Picture Typewriter Light Bulb Power Grid Airplane Automobile Subway Phonograph Farm Machines Bessemer Process Steam Engine Drill Dynamite Internal Combustion engine Sewing Machine Skyscraper Electric Motor Brooklyn Bridge Radio Barbed Wire

Industrialization By 1900, the United States had become one of the greatest economic powers in the world.

Immigration Immigrant - A person who leaves a country to settle permanently in another country. 26 million foreign born people came to America from 1880 to 1920.

Immigration Immigrants often left their homelands due to one of the following reasons: 1. political tyranny 2. religious persecution 3. economic hardship 4. opportunity and jobs in America 5. personal reasons

Immigration East Coast – Most immigrants landed in New York City at Ellis Island- in 1892 it was the official immigrant processing center.

Immigration East Coast - Most immigrants landed in New York City at Ellis Island. (1892 official immigrant processing center.). -West Coast: Angel Island in San Francisco (1880 - 1900) - Most U.S. newcomers were from British, German, Irish, and Scandinavian decent. (1900-1914) - Immigration was on the rise. Most came from Italy and Eastern Europe.

Immigration

Immigration 1917 - The U.S. government limited immigration to the literate. Following WWI, quota systems were established to limit the number of immigrants coming to America.

Immigration

Progressive Era Reform Movements of the Progressive Era: 1. American Federation of Labor (AFL-Samuel Rompers) - Labor Union 2. United Mine Workers - Labor Union 3. National Grange-Farmers. - Labor Union 4. Interstate Commerce Act- est. Interstate Comm. Commission to regulate railroads. 5. Anti-trusts - laws that prohibited monopolies and corruption in big business. Led to the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) & Clayton Antitrust Act (1914).

Progressive Era

Progressive Era 6. Pullman Strike-1st successful labor strike against management. 7. Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) - est. Food and Drug Adm. (FDA) to protect consumers from unsafe food and medicine. 8. Fed. Reserve Act (1913) - est. Fed. Reserve System. 9. Fed. Trade Commission (1914) handles complaints of monopolies and unfair business practices. 10. Tariffs protected U. S. industry from foreign business competition. (Dingley Tariff-1897)

Progressive Era

Progressive Era 11. Upton Sinclair - author of the book “The Jungle”. Book exposed the problems and unhealthy practices of the meat packing industry. (“Muckraker” - a journalists who wrote about the problems in society.) 12. State and City Gov’t - “political machines” were in use. Ward bosses provided services in return for money and votes in local elections. Led to corruption. 13. Education - 31 states required 12-16 week of school (8-14 yrs old) by 1895. Increase in the number of students attending high school.

Progressive Era

Progressive Era 14. Temperance movement - Alcohol was seen as the source of all the evil and corruption in society. Led to the 18th Amendment - banning the sale and consumption of alcohol. 15. Civil rights - W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington encouraged African-Amer. to be educated and productive members of society. Race would end. Literacy tests, poll taxes, Jim Crow Laws kept Blacks segregated in America. 16. Child Labor - children were cheap labor, worked long hrs. Laws limited hrs.

Progressive Era

Progressive Era President Teddy Roosevelt (1901-1907) - Known as the “trust buster” -He worked hard to enforce antitrust laws. -He wanted every American to have a “Square Deal”

Progressive Era -Conservation - President Roosevelt set aside 200 million acres of land to protect and manage the natural resources. -Preservation - President Roosevelt’s plan to keep some wilderness areas in their natural state

Progressive Era Results of the Progressive Movements: -1890’s - Workers earned - $12 a week for 50-60 hrs of hard labor -Men earned 42 cents per hour -Women earned 6 cents per hour -Children earned 2 cents per hour -quart of milk cost 6 cents / 1 pound of round steak costs 12 cents

Progressive Era

Progressive Era 1910’s - Workers earned - $1,156 per year New Home $3,395 New Car - $950 Gas - 9 cents Milk - 34 cents Bread - 4 cents

Immigration Immigrant - A person who leaves a country to settle permanently in another country. Exclusion Act (1882) - Forbid the Chinese from entering the U.S 26 million foreign born people come to America from 1880 to 1920.

Immigration East Coast - Most immigrants landed in New York City at Ellis Island. (1892 official immigrant processing center.). -West Coast: Angel Island in San Francisco (1880 - 1900) - Most U.S. newcomers were from British, German, Irish, and Scandinavian decent. (1900-1914) - Immigration was on the rise. Most came from Italy and Eastern Europe.

Immigration

Immigration Immigrants often left their homelands due to one of the following reasons: 1. political tyranny 2. religious persecution 3. economic hardship 4. opportunity and jobs in America 5. personal reasons

Immigration 1917 - The U.S. government limited immigration to the literate. Following WWI, quota systems were established to limit the number of immigrants coming to America.

Immigration

Imperialism Imperialism - Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political and military power over a weaker country/territory. How to create an Empire: 1. Buy it 2. Take it buy force 3. Make the land economically dependent on you

Imperialism Imperialism- 1867 - Purchase of Alaska from Russia by William Seward (“Sewards Folly”) 1898 - Annexation of Hawaii

Imperialism 1898 - Spanish American War The U.S. gov’t had long disapproved of Spanish rule in Cuba. Corrupt and cruel treatment by the Spanish gov’t kept people poor, without rights. -The U.S. gained Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The U.S. emerged as a World Power and adopted a policy of imperialism by extending its authority over seas. -Teddy Roosevelt became a national hero with the ‘Rough Riders’.

Spanish American War

Imperialism Imperialism under President Theodore Roosevelt: 1. philosophy - “speak softly and carry a big stick”. 2. Open Door Policy - under Roosevelt the U.S. and Great Britain supported open trade with China. 3. Treaty with Panama for $10 million (1903)- allows for the construction of the Panama Canal to begin. Canal helped Roosevelt to build his dream of a two ocean Navy.

Imperialism

Imperialism 4. Widened the meaning of the Monroe Doctrine with the Roosevelt Corollary. The U.S. might intervene in any Latin American country due to European interference. 5. Gunboat Diplomacy- Roosevelt’s foreign policy in Latin America. 6. Settled boundary disputes between Alaska and Canada. 7. Helped end the Russo-Japanese War

Imperialism Imperialism under President William H. Taft: 1. “Dollar Diplomacy”- influence Latin America and China through investments.

Imperialism Imperialism under President Woodrow Wilson: 1. Civil War in Mexico killed 18 Americans. 2. 1916 Pancho Villa killed numerous Americans in border raids in New Mexico. U.S. troops were sent in, but failed to capture him.

Imperialism 3. 1914 “Great War” begins (WWI). U.S. remains neutral 1914-1916 4. Wilson believed in “Moral Diplomacy” - should Amer. get involved in a foreign war. 5. April 2 1917 U.S. declares war - “Make the World Safe for Democracy.”

Imperialism

Imperialism WWI looms…