Test Review AP World History Ch. 8-10 Part II

What is a “Shogun”? What was the position of the emperor in Japan? A “Shogun” was the military leader of all Japan. This was achieved through military conquest The emperor was largely a dynastic title. The real power was held by the Shogun

Describe the feudal system in Japan during the 600-1200 C.E. period The Heiji War, marks the beginning of feudal Japan, for the relationship of various provincial generals and lords to the shogun was the relationship of vassals to a lord. The individual provinces were more or less independent; their lords, or daimyo, took oaths of allegiance to the shogun. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/FEUJAPAN/FEUJAPAN.HTM

Political aspects of feudal Japan What was significant about the Kamakura shogunate? 1st of three de-centralized military –led governments Rise of Samurai class of warriors Compare European and Japanese feudalism http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/politicalsystems/feudalism.cfm

Who is Murasaki Shikibu? Female noblewoman-author of Tales of the Genji Book about the son of the Japanese emperor in Kyoto around 1000 C.E. http://www.taleofgenji.org/summary.html

What technological achievements of the Koryo dynasty of Korea? Beautifully printed editions of Buddhist texts Woodblock printing Moveable type-improved by the Chinese led to more cheaply printed texts, available to all What is Champa rice? Originally from India, became the staple crop in southern Viet Nam (Champa) and was brought as tribute to the Song China court and became popular with Chinese farmers because it matured faster than their own rice variety.

Compare the philosophies of Buddhism and Confucianism Although both began as guidelines for living, Buddhism has developed into a religion. Confucianism emphasized inner harmony with nature and ancestor veneration, but Buddhism focused on development of the individual with nirvana, or total spiritual satisfaction as the goal. http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Hinduism-Buddhism-Confucianism-and-Taoism.topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26930.html

What are the differences between Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism? Neo-Confucianism became popular during the Song dynasty in China. It was a new interpretation of the teachings of Confucius. This new interpretation emphasized individual moral and social responsibility with the “sage” who deals with social problems calmly as the human ideal Pg. 258

Buddhists & Confucianists continued… Neo-Confucianists & Buddhists used meditation Civil examinations for government positions included questions from Confucian classics and although this meant that positions were based on merit, noble sons who had the time to study the classics were more often successful. Success meant good marriage prospects, high salary and prestige. Failure could ruin a man and his family

What factors contributed to the growth of cities after 1200 C.E.? “Communes” of citizens demanded more autonomy for self-government Increase in agriculture=increase in population (use of horse collar, plow) Return to money based economy=more craftspeople rather than farmers Development of manufacturing and trade

Where is Kievan Rus? Why was it important to trade? The Slav peoples, ruled by the Swedish Vikings (Varangians) who lived in the area of Kiev controlled the trade on the Dnieper and Volga Rivers, much of trade was with the Byzantine Empire (blue) Pg. 232

Who are the Slavs? member of the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe, residing chiefly in eastern and southeastern Europe but extending also across northern Asia to the Pacific Ocean. Slavic languages belong to the Indo-European family. Customarily Slavs are subdivided into east Slavs (chiefly Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians), west Slavs (chiefly Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, and Wends, or Sorbs), and south Slavs (chiefly Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, and Macedonians). Bulgarians, though of mixed origin like the Hungarians, speak a Slavic language and are often designated as south Slavs. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548156/Slav

What factors led to the development of a middle class in many post-classical societies? Change from subsistence farming to technological diffusion, increase in population and consequently trade increases led to the development of a merchant class. The merchant class developed power through control of the economy.

What effect did the Franks have on Europe? member of a Germanic-speaking people who invaded the western Roman Empire in the 5th century ad. Dominating present-day northern France, Belgium, and western Germany, the Franks established the most powerful Christian kingdom of early medieval western Europe. The name France (Francia) is derived from their name. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/217113/Frank

In general, what rights did women have before 800 C.E.? Some rights in marriage as to choice of partner or to choose divorce Some rights to property, laws upheld their rights to have protection and support from a husband Women had control of the home and children although subservient to the husband. Some women could work outside the home in markets or as mid-wives.

Comparison Questions

Compare the Tang dynasty with the Byzantine empire Christianity became popular but Buddhism was predominant Major trade center of Asia on Silk Road Built on accomplishments of Sui dynasty Tang Code of laws streamlined legal system Byzantine Christianity became predominant religion Major trade inter-section on Silk Road Built on accomplishments of Roman Empire Justinian Code of laws streamlined legal system

Compare classical Rome to the Islamic Golden Age Innovations in architecture and building practical inventions such as aquaducts Islamic Golden Age Inventions were more intellectual such as mathmatics, astronomy, medicine

How are the Song dynasty and Italian city-states similar? River side cities became centers of bustling trade Canals improved travel in and between cities “Flying money” allowed credit in other cities Italian city-states Located on the rivers and seaways of Italy Dominated the maritime trade in the Mediterranean Cities became independent through the power of trade Gold coinage became prolific due to trade increase

Compare the Byzantine Empire to Rome Flourished due to location on Silk Road Christianity became predominant Art centered on religious icons Suffered from attacks from Germanic tribes and Muslims Rome Began to lose economic stability due to droughts & plague Polytheism Art was bas-relief, realistic sculpture in stone Suffered attacks from Germanic tribes

How did you do? Good Luck!