The Culture of the High Middle Ages

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Presentation transcript:

The Culture of the High Middle Ages Agricultural and Economic Revolution The revival of learning

Agricultural and Economic Revolution C. 1000-1300 AD

Changes in Agriculture Population explosion (38-74 mil. in 300 years) The settlement of the 9th century invaders led to peace and stability Climate improved More land farmed = more food Changes in technology (next slide)

Inventions and the Agricultural Revolution (after 1000) Water and wind mills Heavier plows made of iron (Carruca) Collar harness (horses instead of oxen) The horseshoe The three field system The result Better crops, more food, better diet Between 1000 and 1300 the population of Western Europe doubled

The Growth of Trade The population explosion also caused an increase in demand The first city states (Venice, Genoa, Pisa) established trade with the East (Asia-Byz-Eur) New business practices made trade easier “The Commercial Revolution” Coins (money economy) Banking (letters of credit) Partnerships (joint stock Co’s)

The Revival of Towns Old Roman cities come back to life Craftsmen now produce goods for trade and create the new middle class or Bourgeoisie Guilds: Apprentice, Journeyman, Master Organizations of crafts workers (unions) Government: right to rule themselves from Charters obtained from the Lord Town Life (dirty, smelly, dangerous) Labor lords eventually become land lords Serfs become rent paying peasants

Literature and Language The growth of the vernacular: Everyday speech in a particular region Dante Alghieri (1265-1321): The Divine Comedy Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterburry Tales (late 1300’s)