1. The Revival of Trade and Towns in the Middle Ages By Ariel Brogno, Charlotte Buck, and Maya Martin

2. Agricultural Revolution Technology In Farming: -Iron plows instead of wooden plows; horses instead of oxen. (They were faster.) -New and better way of rotating crops -Food surplus caused population increase

3. Agricultural Revolution Cont’d Results of the Technological Advances in Farming: - More land could be farmed in less time - More crops could be grown (food surplus) - Europe population tripled in three hundred years

4. Trade Introduction Violence, such as war and invasions, declined Trade increased Both of these changes happened because people felt safer

5. Some Major Trade Capitals Constantinople = Trade Capital Venice Rome Lubek Barcelona Florence Stockholm London

6. Trade Routes in The Middle Ages

7. Trade Town Fairs Fairs were in: Winchester Verona Milan Ypres Troyes Kiev Near accessible waterways There was entertainment High-class people bought swords, sugar, and silk

8. Trade Routes Expand Merchant companies protected traders Exchanged goods with the Middle east and Asia Goods were shipped to Venice, then Flanders, then all over Europe Goods were traded for honey, fur, lead, cloth, and tin

9. Hanseatic League Was formed to protect German towns’ trading interests Kept away robbers and pirates Built lighthouses Trained shipmen

10. Growth of Towns and Cities Artisans stayed in towns This caused towns to grow into cities (population increased) Charters were needed to create new towns Charter = a written document that sets out the rights of a town

11. Commercial Revolution People used money more because of trade Merchants invented a credit system Merchant partnerships created insurance for investments Credit and bills were used more, instead of gold, which was easier for travel

12. Changes in Society Lords were paid in money instead of labor Peasants got money because they sold their crops and became tenant farmers Many Jews became moneylenders which led to anti-Semitism

13. Project Sources: MLA (Modern Language Association) style: “Medieval Towns and Cities.” Medieval World. 2010. Expert Space. 9 Feb. 2010 http://expertspace.grolier.com/article?id=10003049&product_i d=ngo http://expertspace.grolier.com/article?id=10003049&product_i d=ngo MLA style: Lyon, Bruce D. “Middle Ages.” Encyclopedia Americana. 2010. Grolier online. 9 Feb. 2010. http://expertspace.grolier.com/article?id=0269940- 00&product_id=ea http://expertspace.grolier.com/article?id=0269940- 00&product_id=ea "Account of the Setting Up of Self-government in A.D. 1200." History of Medieval Ipswich. Stephen Alsford, 12 June 1999. Web. 20 Feb. 2010. http://users.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/ipswich2.html