OL & PAP Fall Exam Review

2 Density

3 Measuring Length…  Tool: Ruler  Unit: Meters (centimeter, millimeter)  Length of lines:  Small: 1cm  Large: 9cm

4 2. Measuring Mass  Tool: Triple Beam Balance  Unit: Grams

5 3. Measuring Liquid Volume  Tool: Graduated Cylinder  Units: Liter (milliliter)

6 4. Volume of the Box  20 cm wide, 3 cm long, 5 cm tall  20cm x 3cm x 5cm = 300 cm 3  Volume of the box = 300 cm 3

7  5. Three cubic centimeters can be written like: 3cm 3  6. When you measure something in meters cubed, you are measuring the object’s volume

8 Lab Safety

9 7. When working with a burning candle: If your partner catches on fire, partner needs to stop, drop, and roll while you yell for help and get a fire blanket If you catch on fire, stop drop and roll 8. You broke a glass beaker in the lab: Danger: cutting hands, spilled chemicals What you do: warn people around you and get your teacher 9. You spilled a chemical in the lab: Danger: contaminating lab and injuring people What do you do: warn classmates and tell teacher

10  10. The approximate diameter of a penny is 2 cm.  11. The approximate height from the floor to the top of a door is 2m.  12. The approximate measurement of the thickness of a nickel is 2mm.  13. The difference between hour 1 and hour 2 is C – 4mL

11  14. The in liquid is B-14mL.  15. The mass of the object is 197.2g.  16. The mass of the item is 346.5g.

12 Matter  1. Matter -has mass and takes up space  2. Definition of volume: the amount of space an object takes up  3. Definition of mass: the amount of matter in an object  4. What are the four indicators of a physical change? Size change, shape change, PHASE change, no new material 12

13  5. What are the indicators of a chemical change? bubbling and fizzing (gas produced), heat produced, cold produced, color change, smell change, new substance created  4. The ability to boil, freeze, condense, and melt are physical properties  5. Conductivity is a physical property.  6. Magnetism is a physical property. 13

14  7. What substances are usually magnetic? metals  8. The change is chemical. A gas, which is an indicator of a chemical change, has been created.  9. The process of changing a substance from solid to liquid is known as melting  10. The process of changing a substance from a liquid to a gas is knows as evaporation or boiling.

15  12. These are all physical changes because phase changes are physical.  13. Ice Melting...This is a physical change because phase changes are physical changes.  14. A phase changes occurs when we change the temperature of something. For example, a liquid will turn into a gas when heat is added. A chemical reaction occurs when two or more things are added together and a gas is suddenly produced. 15

16  11. The process of changing a substance from a liquid to a solid is known as freezing.  13. Ice melting is a physical change because it is still water, just in a different state.  14. A phase change in still the same substance. A chemical reaction is when two substances come together a produces a gas.  15. What is a precipitate? A solid that forms when two liquids combine chemically.

17 Physical or Chemical? Indicator(s) to support your claim i.e. How do you know? Melted cheese Physical still cheese, change state Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide added together produces salt, water, and heat. ChemicalNew substance produced, heat produced Baking soda and vinegar bubbles and fizzes when put together ChemicalGas is produced Mowing the lawn PhysicalStill grass, just shape/size change Breaking a cabinet door PhysicalShape/size change, still same substance Iron rusts ChemicalNew substance produced Digestion ChemicalProduces new substance, gas Clothes catching on fire ChemicalBurning is always chemical Peeled apple turning brown ChemicalNew substance, decomposition Dew disappears from the ground PhysicalPhase change Tearing a paper up PhysicalSize/shape change Milk Sours ChemicalDecomposition Hammering aluminum into a sheet PhysicalSize/shape change

18 Part 3 1. Element – atoms of the same type 2. Compound – two or more elements chemically combined 3. Atom – smallest form of an element 4. Properties of metals: shiny luster, malleable, ductile, conducts heat and electricity, mainly solids 5. Properties of metalloids – brittle, semi- conductor, shiny luster 6. Properties of non-metals: dull, brittle, do not conduct electricity,

19 7. Calcium: metalCobalt: metal Argon: NonmetalBoron: Metalloid 8. C 6 H 12 O 6 : Elements: 3Atoms: 24 Compound or Element H 2 O Elements: 2Atoms: 3 Compound or Element H 2 O 2 Elements: 2Atoms: 4 Compound or Element

20 9. Chemical Symbol: Co 10. Chemical Formula: CO and H 2 O Model of HCl and how do I know? The elements are chemically bonded 12. The elements that are good conductors, malleable, and attracted to a magnet… Copper, Iron, Nickel 13. Density – amount of matter is a given volume

21 Part How do you calculate density: mass/volume 15. Density of wood: Mass = 80.0 grams Volume = 3 cm x 6 cm x 4 cm = 72cm 3 Density = 80g/72cm 3 = 1.11g/cm Would the item float or sink? Sink – density is greater than Beads: mass = 425 grams volume = 48 cm 3 density = 425 g/48cm 3 = 8.86 g/cm 3 The beads are made of Copper!

Density of the solution: Mass = 60.75g Volume = 45mL Density = 60.75g/45mL = 1.35g/mL 19. The solution would sink in the water.