1. What is Matter?
Properties of Matter

2. Matter is… everything that has mass and volume
made up of atoms (tiny particles)

3. Mass and Volume

4. Mass and Volume
Mass is the amount of matter (or material) something contains.
Mass can be measured using a balance scale.
The unit for mass is the gram (g).
Try a short investigation with mass.

5. Mass and Volume cont’d
Volume is (1) the amount of space matter takes up and (2) the amount of matter something can contain.
Volume can be measured (1) using a graduated cylinder or (2) by calculating the length x width x height.
The unit for volume is the liter (L), milliliter (mL), or the cubic centimeter (cm3).
Try a short investigation with volume.

6. Particles

7. Particles – The 1st Theory
Atomic Theory of Matter (John Dalton)
elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms
atoms of the same element are identical; atoms of different elements are different
atoms are not created or destroyed
atoms can combine to form compounds

8. Particles – cont’d atoms made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons
protons and neutrons make up the nucleus
the number of protons determines the element
electrons orbit the nucleus

9. Particles – cont’d

10. Physical Properties

11. Physical Properties characteristics that are observed with the senses:
physical state (solid, liquid or gas)
color
odor
density
melting point
boiling point
freezing point
hardness

12. Physical Changes changes in physical properties like…
cutting a piece of paper
ice melting
boiling water
coloring a piece of paper
placing food coloring in water
These changes do not result in different kinds of matter. For example melting ice [H2O (sol)] becomes water [H2O (aq)].

13. Physical Changes
Changes in State

14. Kinetic Particle Theory of Matter
matter made up of particles
particles are in motion
there is space between the particles
changes in heat result in changes in particle motion
changes in heat result in changes in space between particles

15. 3 Common States of Matter
also 3 common states of water
solid, liquid, & gas
also BE-condensate & plasma
BE-condensate: predicted by Bose and Einstein in the 1920’s and realized in It is a gaseous superfluid cooled to near absolute zero (no motion of atoms). BE-condensates trap light. Plasmas are gases so hot that their molecules are ripped apart. This state is seen in stars.

16. Solid packed together but vibrate definite shape definite volume
usually dense
Kinetic particle theory: very little motion of particles and little space between them. Ice is an example.

17. Liquid fairly close together able to move in all directions
no definite shape
fill the bottom of a container
definite volume
Kinetic particle theory: more motion of particles and more space between them, allowing them to slide pass one another. Water is an example.

18. Gas fairly close together able to move in all directions and collide
no definite shape
expand to fill any container
no definite volume
usually low density
Kinetic particle theory: a lot of motion of particles and a great deal of space between them. Steam is an example.

19. How does energy affect changes in state?
Heat is energy. As it is added to matter, it causes the particles to move more and increases space between them. The opposite is true when heat is taken away.
HEAT IS ENERGY!

20. Kinetic Particle Lab
To observe the affects of heat on the particles of matter.
Materials:
3 containers
water (cold, room temperature, & hot)
food coloring
timer

21. Lab Questions
When you placed dye into the container filled with _?_ water, what did you observe?
How long did it take for the dye to completely mix into the _?_ water?
In which container did the water mix the fastest?
Using the kinetic particle theory, explain what you observed.

22. Chemical Properties

23. Chemical Properties characteristics that describe how matter changes or interacts with other kinds of matter:
paper burns
iron rusts
gold does not rust
wood rots
sodium reacts with water

24. Chemical Changes changes in chemical properties like…
always changes in the form of matter
matter is transformed completely into different materials
Unlike physical changes, chemical changes result in entirely new materials being formed. Examples are on next slide.

25. Chemical Changes cont’d
iron turning into rust in moist air
digesting food
burning metals in fireworks
Iron (Fe) combines easily with Oxygen (O2) to form Iron Oxide. The iron in our blood combines with oxygen to help carry it throughout our bodies.