1. MATTER Mrs. Horn 5 th Grade Science 2 nd Nine Weeks

2. WHAT IS MATTER?  Matter is all around you  Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space  All matter is made up of the same set of building blocks- the chemical elements

3. ELEMENTS  A material that cannot be broken down into anything simpler  Made of only one kind of atom  Scientists know of more than 112 elements  Can be classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids, and noble gases

4. THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS  Created by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869  Shows elements’ repeating properties in periods, or cycles  Each element has a symbol Most are one or two letters- Example: Carbon-C The first letters are always capitalized; second letter never capitalized- Example: Nitrogen- N, Helium- He

5. THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

6. METALS  Shiny  Conduct heat and electricity  Bend easily  Examples: Copper, Zinc, Sodium, Magnesium, Tin

7. NONMETALS  Dull  Poor conductors of heat and electricity  Brittle  Examples: Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen  Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen are all gases at room temperature  Carbon is solid at room temperature

8. METALLOIDS  Have come properties of metals and some of nonmetals  Examples: Silicon, Arsenic, and Boron  8 known

9. NOBLE GASES  Odorless  Colorless  Low chemical reactivity  Found on the Periodic Table in group 18  Include: Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon

10. ATOMS  Smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element  An atom is made up of: Protons- positive charge; # of protons is called atomic number Neutron- no charge (neutral); # of neutrons = mass # - atomic = Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus Electrons- negative electric charge; # of electrons and protons are equal so atoms have no charge  If you add up the mass of all the protons and neutrons you have found the atom’s atomic mass

11. ATOMS

12. WHAT ARE COMPOUNDS?  Forms when two or more elements combine chemically  Example: Water is formed by the combining of two Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom  Example: Sodium Chloride (Table Salt) is formed by the combining of 1 Sodium atom and 1 Chlorine atom  Compounds have properties different from their individual elements  All compounds have chemical names and many also have common names (Example: iron oxide= rust); The chemical name tells which elements make up the compound (Example: Fe2o3= iron oxide or rust; 2 atoms of Iron and 3 atoms of Oxygen)

13. MOLECULES  Forms when two or more atoms join together and share electrons  Examples: Oxygen- O2 and water- H2O

14. STATES OF MATTER  Three common forms that matter takes: solid, liquid, gas  Each state has its own properties  You interact with all three forms each day

15. SOLID  Particle have little freedom to move  Particles vibrate in place  Stays in a definite shape with a definite volume no matter its container  Shape and volume will not change unless something changes it by means such as breaking or heating

16. LIQUID  Particles move more freely than in a solid  Particles are close together but can flow past each other  Takes the shape of its container  Have a definite volume but not a definite shape

17. GAS  Particles are not close together and can move past each other very easily  Has no definite shape or volume  At room temperature, gases move around to fill their container  If the volume of the container increases, the gas expands to fill it; this allows gases to inflate things such as tires and balls

18. STATES OF MATTER

19. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

20. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES  Something that can be observed about an object without changing the identity of the object  Mass, volume, length and weight describe the amount of matter  Density, color, hardness, odor, magnetism, boiling point, and freezing point are some other physical properties  Physical properties may be classified as intensive or extensive  Intensive properties depend on the amount of substance present (Examples: density, boiling point, freezing point, magnetism)  Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance present (Examples: mass, length, volume, and weight)

21. MASS  Amount of matter in an object  Compares the amount of matter in a sample to standard amounts  Can be measured on an equal pan balance  Amount of matter in the sample and the standard pieces must be the same  Measured in kilograms or grams (one kilogram = 1,000 grams)  Mass of an object is always equal to the sum of the masses of the pieces of the object  Example: If you were to empty all items out of your backpack and place them and the empty backpack on one side of the balance, and the same backpack with all of the same items in it on the other side, the two masses would be equal

22. WEIGHT  How strongly gravity pulls on an object  The more mass an object has, the more weight it has  Measured in newtons (N)  One newton is equal to 0.225 pounds (lbs)  An object’s weight depends on the planet it is on because the pull of gravity is greater on planets with more mass; an object’s mass is the same on any planet

23. VOLUME  Measures how much space matter takes up  To find the volume of a regularly shaped object use the following formula: L x W x H (length x width x height)  Irregular shaped objects may be measured by placing them in a graduated cylinder of water; the change in the water level after the object is placed in tells its volume  Volumes of liquids are measured in milliliters (mL) by using a graduated cylinder, a beaker, or a measuring cup  Volume of solids is measured in cubic centimeters (cm3 )

24. DENSITY  Amount of mass for each cubic meter (cm3) of a substance  To calculate a substance’s density you divide its mass by it volume

25. FLOATING AND SINKING- BUOYANCY  Objects can float as a result of buoyancy, the resistance to sinking  If an object is denser than the liquid, then the object can pusher harder and it sinks; if the liquid is denser than the object, then the liquid can push harder and the object floats  Buoyancy depends on density and shape  If you change the mass or the volume of an object, you can change whether it will float

26. FLOATING AND SINKING- SURFACE TENSION  Many liquids have a property called surface tension  In water, every particle pulls toward the other particles and creates a “skin” on the surface (surface tension)  If an object is spread over the surface, it can rest on this skin even if it would not normally float  If an object is not spread out enough, it will break the skin and sink

27. BOILING AND FREEZING POINT  The temperature at which a substance boils is called its boiling point  At its boiling point, a substance changes state from a liquid to a gas  Water boils at 100˚ Celsius (212˚ Fahrenheit)  The temperature at which a substance freezes is called its freezing point  Water freezes at 0˚ Celsius (32˚ Fahrenheit)  Boiling point and freezing point remain consistent no matter the amount of substance present

28. Chemical Properties  Describes the way a substance reacts with other substances  Can only be seen when matter is changed into a new kind of matter  Elements in the same column on the periodic table have similar chemical properties  Flammability- chemical property that describes its ability to catch on fire or burn  Corrosion- when metals combine with nonmetals from the environment Ex: Iron corrodes by rusting  Burning Ex: Wood burns and becomes ash

29. TEST PREP  Water, salt, and rust are all examples of ___________. A. Elements B. Metals C. Compounds D. Molecules

30. TEST PREP  Which is not an example of an element? A. Na B. Aluminum C. Iron D. CO2

31. TEST PREP  Which of the following is an example of an element? A. CO2 B. Gold C. Carbon dioxide D. Sodium chloride

32. TEST PREP  Which of the following statements explains why aluminum is an element? A. It conducts electricity. B. It does not dissolve in water. C. It can be recycled and reused. D. It is made of only one kind of atom.

33. TEST PREP  Which term describes a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined? A. Mixture B. Compound C. Solution D. Atom

34. TEST PREP  What happens when two different elements chemically combine? A. A new substance forms with the properties of one of the elements. B. The new substance takes on the properties of the larger element. C. The newly formed substance becomes a gas. D. A new substance forms, having new properties.