Bell Ringer Describe a developed country. Use GNPP, % Literacy, % Pop. Annual Rise, % urban and Life Expectancy. Countries that join the ____________________ use the “Euro” (European Monetary System). How can free market economies (capitalism) lead to greater political freedom?

Bell Ringer Complete “Independence Sweeps the World” using the Atlas text book

Independence Movements in India, Africa & the Middle East The Modern World Independence Movements in India, Africa & the Middle East

Today in class… We will… You will be able to… Social Studies Language Identify the independence movements that took place in Asia, the Middle East and Africa following WWII. You will be able to… Social Studies Language Define: Apartheid Describe the independence movements in India and Africa and their leaders. Describe what happened to the mandate of Palestine and the creation of the state of Israel. Locate the world religions in the 20th Century and review their key beliefs and founders. Next Time/Soon: World Religions Packet due

Queen Victoria of England Empress of India

Indian Colonization British East India Company developed trade with Mughal India Sepoy Rebellion leads to colonization in 1857

India Before WWII Indian National Congress forms to fight for independence Gandhi used non-violent civil disobedience and passive resistance to fight against British rule

Partition of India India gained independence from Britain in 1947 Country was split along the Hindu-Muslim lines. Law stated that people could only have ONE month to decide which country they wanted to live in and to move there. As millions of people began to move, violence broke out.

New Nations Form British India became nations of: Republic of India World’s largest democratic nation Federal system gives many powers to the state Pakistan (was called West Pakistan ) Bangladesh (was called East Pakistan ) Sri Lanka (was called Ceylon) Which ethnic/religious group lives in Pakistan and Bangladesh? Which lives in India?

In Your Notes … Label India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka Label Pakistan & Bangladesh with their names from the 1947 Label India, Pakistan, Bangladesh with the appropriate religion/ethnic group

Jawaharlal Nehru First Prime Minister of India Friend of Gandhi Supported western style industrialization Wanted to end caste discrimination Ethnic & religious differences caused problems in the development of India as a democratic nation. New economic development has helped to ease financial problems of the nation.

Indira Gandhi Daughter of Nehru VIP Chart Indira Gandhi Daughter of Nehru Prime Minister of India in the 1960’s & 70’s Worked for a close relationship with the Soviet Union Developed nuclear program

AFRICA

Vocabulary Apartheid European Union IMF Multinational Corporation WTO NAFTA Refugee Guest Worker Terrorism

Apartheid Complete separation of blacks and whites in South Africa

Africa after World War II In 1945, at the end of World War II, most of Africa remained under European rule. During the years after 1945 many African countries were gaining freedom. The UN Charter said that Africa has the right to “self-determination”

Self-determination – a nation’s right to rule itself without outside interference

African Nationalism & Revolutions After WWII, there was a rise in pride in African heritage and cultures. Resentment of imperial rule and economic exploitation. There were both peaceful & VIOLENT revolutions. Click the image for a larger view. Depending on your browser setup, multiple clicks may be required to view the full-sized image. On Africa Day, 1962, a group of women hold signs in protest of oppression in South Africa while other African countries gain their independence. One sign reads: "180 million free, 80 million to go!" Click the image for a larger view. Depending on your browser setup, multiple clicks may be required to view the full-sized image. On Africa Day, 1962, a group of women hold signs in protest of oppression in South Africa while other African countries gain their independence. One sign reads: "180 million free, 80 million to go!" On Africa Day, 1962, a group of women hold signs in protest of oppression in South Africa while other African countries gain their independence. One sign reads: "180 million free, 80 million to go!" South African gold mine - 1935

Revolution Examples Kenya: Algeria: West Africa: Violent struggle and fight for freedom against Great Britain Algeria: Bloody war and fight for freedom against France West Africa: Peaceful transition

Jomo Kenyatta Founding father of Kenya VIP Chart Jomo Kenyatta Founding father of Kenya Led a violent struggle for independence against British rule in the 1960’s

South Africa Gained independence in 1910. But until 1990 there was apartheid.

Nelson Mandela Led black South Africans struggle against apartheid VIP Chart Led black South Africans struggle against apartheid Became first black president of the Republic of South Africa in 1990 Video -- The Special AKA—"Free Nelson Mandela" -- National Geographic

Europeans Lost Their Colonies After WWII, Great Britain, France, Portugal, and Belgium all lost African colonies. Why?

Influence of the Cold War Superpowers tried to influence new African governments

The Middle East

Mandates Established by the League of Nations after WWI. Mandate – territories administered by other countries in the name of the League of Nations French and British mandates for the Middle East after World War I.

Independence After WWII 1948 - UN divides Palestine into: Israel (Jewish state) Palestine (Arab state) Creation of Israel deeply divided the Middle East Hundred of thousands of Palestinians were displaced by the new state of Israel Israel was attacked the day after it was created by six Arab nations

Golda Meir (“Golda My-ear”) Prime Minister of Israel in early 1970s Worked for a close relationship with the United States VIP Chart

Gamal Abdul Nasser President of Egypt in the 1950’s & 60’s VIP Chart Gamal Abdul Nasser President of Egypt in the 1950’s & 60’s Nationalized Suez Canal Worked for a close relationship with the Soviet Union Built Aswan High Dam

Middle East Conflicts BBC News - Helicopter tour over West Bank and Israel

Turn in World Religions packet at the end of the block! Things to Do World Religions Webs & Maps – use p. 612-626 and map handout VIPs of the Modern World – complete hallway notes Turn in World Religions packet at the end of the block!

Location of world religions in 1500 a.d. (c.e.) Judaism: Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East Christianity: Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East Islam: Parts of Asia, Africa, and southern Europe Hinduism: India and part of Southeast Asia Buddhism: East and Southeast Asia