Bloodborne Pathogens Sandy Bennett

Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Hepatitis E Viruses which attacks the liver Liver performs many functions vital to life Blood reservoir, blood filter, carbohydrate, fat, protein metabolism, storage of vitamins, iron, etc.

Hepatitis A Caused by infection with Hepatitis A virus Virus is found in the stool of infected persons HAV is usually spread from person to person by putting something in the mouth (even though it may look clean) that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A Occurs in epidemics both nationwide and in communities

Hepatitis A--Symptoms Jaundice Fatigue Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Nausea Diarrhea Fever

Hepatitis A Prevention Good personal hygiene and proper sanitation can help prevent hepatitis A Always wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom, changing a diaper, and before preparing and eating food Vaccine is available

Hepatitis B Caused by infection with Hepatitis B virus Occurs when blood or body fluids from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not immune  HBV is spread through having sex with an infected person without using a condom (the efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission), by sharing drugs, needles, or "works" when "shooting" drugs, through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth Can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death

Hepatitis B Symptoms Jaundice Fatigue Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Nausea, vomiting  Joint pain

Hepatitis B--Prevention A safe and effective vaccine is available Use latex condoms correctly and every time you have sex. The efficacy of latex condoms in preventing infection with HBV is unknown, but their proper use may reduce transmission. If you are pregnant, get a blood test for hepatitis B; Infants born to HBV-infected mothers should be given HBIG (hepatitis B immune globulin) and vaccine within 12 hours after birth. Never share drugs, needles, syringes, or "works“ Do not share personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes)

Hepatitis C Hepatitis C is a disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Occurs when blood or body fluids from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not infected  HCV is spread through sharing needles or "works" when "shooting" drugs, through needlesticks or sharps exposures on the job, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth Chronic infection: 55%-85% of infected persons Chronic liver disease: 70% of chronically infected persons Deaths from chronic liver disease: 1%-5% of infected persons may die Leading indication for liver transplant Most infections are due to illegal injection drug use

Hepatitis C--Symptoms Jaundice Fatigue Dark urine Abdominal pain  Loss of appetite Nausea 80% of infected persons have no signs or symptoms

Hepatitis C--Prevention There is no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C Do not shoot drugs and never share needles, syringes, or "works" Do not share personal care items that might have blood on them (razors, toothbrushes)

Hepatitis D Hepatitis D is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV) It is a defective virus that needs the hepatitis B virus to exist

Hepatitis E Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) It is transmitted in much the same way as hepatitis A virus Hepatitis E, however, does not occur often in the United States

Viral Hepatitis - Overview Type of Hepatitis A B C D E Source of feces blood/ blood/ blood/ feces virus blood-derived blood-derived blood-derived body fluids body fluids body fluids Route of fecal-oral percutaneous percutaneous percutaneous fecal-oral transmission permucosal permucosal permucosal Chronic no yes yes yes no infection pre/post- Prevention pre/post- blood donor pre/post- ensure safe exposure exposure screening; exposure drinking immunization immunization risk behavior immunization; water modification risk behavior modification 3

HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HIV can be passed from person to person if someone with HIV infection has sex with or shares drug injection needles with another person It also can be passed from a mother to her baby when she is pregnant, when she delivers the baby, or if she breast-feeds her baby Leads to disease AIDS Destroys the immune system

HIV Symptoms You might have HIV and still feel perfectly healthy The only way to know for sure if you are infected or not is to be tested

HIV Prevention Don’t share needles and syringes used to inject drugs, steroids, vitamins, or for tattooing or body piercing Don’t share equipment ("works") used to prepare drugs to be injected The surest way to avoid transmission of sexually transmitted diseases is to abstain from sexual intercourse, or to be in a long term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and you know is uninfected Use a latex condom to reduce the risk of STD transmission. Don’t share razors or toothbrushes because of the possibility of contact with blood If you are pregnant or think you might be soon, talk to a doctor or your local health department about being tested for HIV. Drug treatments are available to help you and reduce the chance of passing HIV to your baby if you have it

You Do Not Get Hepatitis B, C, or HIV By working with or being around someone who has the disease From sweat, spit, tears, clothes, drinking fountains, phones, toilet seats, or through everyday things like sharing a meal From insect bites or stings From donating blood From a closed-mouth kiss (but there is a very small chance of getting it from open-mouthed or "French" kissing with an infected person because of possible blood contact)