World War two By Erin Class 9

Introduction In this PowerPoint you will learn about the life of Winston Churchill , Propaganda, important dates in the war and rationing and you should listen closely for there is a quiz at the end.

Important dates in the war 1939 September. World War II begins.  1939 September 3 - France and Great Britain declare war on Germany.  1940 April 9 to June 9 - Germany invades and takes control of Denmark and Norway.  1940 May 10 to June 22 - Germany uses quick strikes called blitzkrieg, meaning lightning war, to take over much of western Europe including the Netherlands, Belgium, and northern France.  1940 May 30 - Winston Churchill becomes leader of the British government.  1940 June 10 - Italy enters the war as a member of the Axis powers.  1940 July 10 - Germany launches an air attack on Great Britain. These attacks last until the end of October and are known as the Battle of Britain.  1940 September 22 - Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact creating the Axis Alliance.  1941 June 22 - Germany and the Axis Powers attack Russia with a huge force of over four million troops.  1941 December 7 - The Japanese attack the US Navy in Pearl Harbour. The next day the US enters World War II on the side of the Allies.  1942 June 4 - The US Navy defeats the Japanese navy at the Battle of Midway.  1942 July 10 - The Allies invade and take the island of Sicily.  1943 September 3 - Italy surrenders to the Allies, however Germany helps Mussolini to escape and set up a government in Northern Italy.  1944 June 6 - D-day and the Normandy invasion. Allied forces invade France and push back the Germans.  1944 December 16 - The Germans launch a large attack in the Battle of the Bulge. They lose to the Allies sealing the fate of the German army.  1945 February 19 - US Marines invade the island of Iwo Jima. After a fierce battle they capture the island.  1945 April 12 - US President Franklin Roosevelt dies. He is succeeded by President Harry Truman.  1945 April 30 - Adolf Hitler commits suicide as he knows Germany has lost the war.  1945 May 7 - Germany surrenders to the Allies.  1945 August 6 - The United States drops the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. The city is devastated.  1945 September 2 - Japan surrenders to US General Douglass MacArthur and the Allies.  Important dates in the war

Winston churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer –Churchill was born on the 30th of November 1874. He was prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. He was also a writer and a artist. He was the only British Prime Minister to get the Nobel prize for literature, and the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the united states. Although he was part American he still led the troops to victory, From the age of two, to six he lived in Dublin with his grandfather. During this time Churchill's brother, John Strange Spencer-Churchill, was born. Churchill had limited contact with his parents when he was young, but Churchill became very close with his nanny, ‘Mrs’ Elizabeth Anne Everest, who he called ‘old woom’. The two spent many happy hours playing in phoenix park. Churchill met his wife, Clementine Hozier, in 1904 at a ball in Crewe house, home of the Earl of Crewe and Crewe's wife Margaret Primrose, On the 12th of September 1908, he and Clementine were married in St. Margaret’s, Westminster. Their first child, Diana was born in London on the 11th July 1909. On the 28th may 1911, their second child, Randolph, was born at 33 Eccles ton Square. Their third child, Sarah, was born on the 7th October 1914 at Admiralty house. On the 15th September 1922 their last child, Mary was born. Sadly on the 24th January 1965 Winston Churchill passed away.

Winston Churchill's quotes Winston Churchill did many quotes in his years and here are some of the ones he did for the war:

Propaganda Posters showed people how to put on a gas mask, how to plant vegetables, and how to collect scrap metal. Government information campaign told people what to do – and what not to do. 'Don'ts‘ included: don't burn too much coal on the fire, don't take a bus when you could walk, and don't gossip about work, because 'Careless Talk Costs Lives'. A spy might be listening ! Posters, radio, films and newspapers were used to keep up people's spirits, make the most of victories and make fun of the enemy. This was propaganda. Governments controlled what was written in newspapers and said on the radio. This was censorship. There was many different types of propaganda such as: Eat your food, Because of rationing Whatever you have left don't waste it, also because of rationing Don't keep your children in London send them away, Because of evacuation Make do and mend, Because of clothes and toys being rationed

Rationing Food rationing began in 1940. This meant each person could buy only a fixed amount of certain foods each week. Much of Britain's food came from other countries in ships. Enemy submarines sank so many ships that there was a shortage of some foods. Rationing made sure everyone got a fair share. You had to hand over coupons from your ration book, as well as money, when you went shopping. When you had used up your ration of one food (say, cheese or meat), you could not buy any more that week. Vegetarians could swap meat coupons for other foods. No icing on birthday cakes, after the government said no more icing sugar (1942). From 1942, children under 5 got free cod liver oil, and blackcurrant or orange juice. Carrolade was a children's drink made from carrot and Swede juice. People made tea with loose (leaf) tea, not teabags. Some people reused tea leaves! The only sweets not rationed in wartime were cough sweets. Sweet rationing lasted until 1953! Even the moat at the Tower of London was dug up for vegetables. Children's clothes were rationed too. In 1941 you needed 6 coupons for pyjamas, 3 for a pair of shoes and 1 coupon for a pair of socks. A few people wore wooden shoes (clogs), which weren't rationed

Evacuation Why children were evacuated? People expected cities to be bombed, as enemy planes tried to destroy factories. But bombs would hit Homes and schools too, so children would be in danger. The government tried at the start of the war to 'empty the cities' of children and mothers, This was 'evacuation', to protect them from air raids. The plan was put into action in September 1939. About 800,000 children left their homes. However, many returned home after a few weeks. Others stayed in the countryside for the rest of the war. Where children went? Children were sent from cities to places where there was less risk of air raids. Many London children went to Devon, Cornwall and Wales. Other children moved to villages in the North, East Anglia and Scotland. Evacuees went to live with host families. Their new homes were called 'billets'. 'Billeting officers‘ arranged for people to look after the children. Things did not always go to plan. Some children ended up in the wrong places. Sometimes evacuees just stood in a line, and local people picked which children to take. A smaller number of children (perhaps 10,000) went to other countries such as Canada, Australia and the United States. Life of the evacuees. Though evacuees missed their homes, many enjoyed the country. Country life was full of surprises. Some city children had never seen a cow, and were startled to see where milk came from. Seeing carrots growing in muddy fields, one child said in disgust 'ours come in tins'. Locals and evacuees went to school and played together. Most became friends, though local children sometimes said it was unfair when the 'townies' were given sweets and parties!

Quiz 1.What year did rationing begin? 1940 2.What was one of things used to keep peoples spirits up? Posters, radio, films and newspapers 3.How many children left there home because of evacuation? 800,000 children 4.What year was Winston Churchill married? 1908 5.What were the only sweets not rationed? Cough sweets

Thank you for lisening