WMO World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Task Team to Regulatory Material Geneva, Swiss 19 – 24 Nov Wenjian Zhang Director, Observing and Information Systems Department World Meteorological Organization

A challenge: The evolving observing systems The continuing changing observing system Courtesy, S. Brönnimann

W MO I NTEGRATED G LOBAL O BSERVING S YSTEM (WIGOS)---Background WMO Global Observing Systems  Global Observing Systems (WWW/GOS)  RBSN, RBCN (>10,000 stations,1,000 upper-air)  AMDAR (39754/day)  Ship & Marine obs (30417/day)  Surface-based remote sensing  Meso-scale networks  WMO Space Programme  Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)  World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS)  WMO Co-sponsored Observing Systems  GCOS, GOOS, GTOS

Need an Integrated Global Observing System to meet all requirements in a cost – effective manner  WMO Cg-16 (2011) decisions to Implement W MO I NTEGRATED G LOBAL O BSERVING S YSTEM (WIGOS) The key word is Integration: promote synergy among systems The whole is more than the sum of the parts--Aristotle

EC-64 (June 2012): Approved WIGOS Implementation Plan Extraordinary Congress: WIGOS will contribute to Observations and Monitoring Pillar of GFCS Latest Major Decisions on WIGOS 8/25/20145

6 KEY ACTIVITY AREAS FOR WIGOS IMPLEMENTATION 1.Management of WIGOS implementation (EC, RAs, TCs, ICG) 2.Collaboration with WMO and co-sponsored observing systems (inclu. Space agencies & satellite operators) 3.Design, planning and optimized evolution 4.Integrated Observing System operation and maintenance 5.Integrated Quality Management 6.Standardization, system interoperability and data compatibility 7.The WIGOS Operational Information Resource 8.Data and metadata management, delivery and archival 9.Capacity development 10.Communication and outreach

How WIGOS contribute to GFCS ? Observing the Earth as a Complex System WMO systems collaboration (WIGOS oversight board within WMO) Collaboration with space community Collaboration with GCOS, GOOS, GTOS, GEO Circulation Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Surface Temperature Evaporation Currents Upwelling Circulation Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Surface Temperature Evaporation Currents Upwelling InfiltrationRunoff Nutrient Loading Surface Temperature CurrentsInfiltrationRunoff Nutrient Loading Surface Temperature Currents Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Evaporation Transpiration Surface Temperature Surface Winds Precipitation Reflection and Transmission Evaporation Transpiration Surface Temperature Land Ocean Atmosphere

WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation 2. Collaboration with WMO and co-sponsored OSs Develop guidance, mechanisms and procedures for engagement coordination and collaboration with partner organizations 2014ICG-WIGOS Partners Develop the Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space (ACMS) focusing on GFCS four priorities CGMS CEOS CBS, WMOSP Examine and recommend areas where closer regional cooperation and coordination would be beneficial Satellite user conferences EUMESAT Asia/oceania, NOAA Establish closer collaboration at the national level, within NMHS, with other government agencies, and with potential external data providers Members RAs

WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation 3. Design, planning and optimized evolution Complete RRR practices, procedures, responsibilities and mechanisms for all systems and agreed app. areas CBS Other TCs Define GFCS new requirements Develop procedures for and carry out a design for WIGOS at the global scale planning and optimizing space constellations Evolve and implement OSs in Regions following the technical guidance of TCs as represented in the EGOS-IP and other observation system implementation plans WMO Regional Associations: Regional satellite data and products requirements

Dr. W. Zhang, WMO 9th European Space Weather Week, Brussels 10 Members’ organizations and programmes 10 WMO Rolling Requirements Review process “Statement of Guidance” and Implementation Plan for observing capabilities (Actions,Recommen d) Requirements Gap Analysis on observations Derived variables Performances Space and ground- based instruments

VISION FOR THE GOS IN 2025 Integration –The GOS will have evolved to become part of the WIGOS, which will integrate current GOS functionalities, which are intended primarily to support operational weather forecasting, with those of other applications: climate monitoring, oceanography, atmospheric composition, hydrology, and weather and climate research;

VISION FOR THE GOS IN 2025 Integration –Integration will be developed through the analysis of requirements and, where appropriate, through sharing observational infrastructure, platforms and sensors, across systems and with WMO Members and other partners; –Surface and space-based observing systems will be planned in a coordinated manner to cost effectively serve variety of user needs with appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions.

Observational Requirements under WIGOS Framework Inclusion requirements of –Weather, DRR –Climate (GFCS, GAW..), –Water (WHYCOS,..) –Environment (GAW, Health) –Co-sponsored observing systems WIGOS Space component From weather satellite to WIGOS space component CGMS new baseline with greatly enhanced global satellite constellations to meet WWW, GFCS, GAW, WHYCOS,GCW etc.. Operational requirements. Challenges to enhance greatly space and ground capabilities

WMO OMM WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan; Key Activity Areas 1. Management of WIGOS implementation Develop, revise and update WMO Regulatory Material (Technical Regulations) Cg-17 (2015) ICG-WIGOS Incorporate WIGOS into structures and procedures of TCs and RAs TCs RAs ICG-WIGOS Provide annual reports and recommendations to EC & Cg EC-65 EC-66 Cg-17 ICG-WIGOS Develop Regional WIGOS Plans RAs

WMO OMM 15 Res. 11.3/1 (Cg-XVI) -IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WIGOS) Decides to implement WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) during as one of the major efforts of WMO; Requests The Executive Council to: Monitor, guide & support the implementation of WIGOS; Establish an Inter-Commission Coordination Group on WIGOS (ICG- WIGOS);

Three Legal Governance Pillars of WMO Since 1951, WMO Cg-I

Manage WIGOS Implementation through Integrated TR ---Setting WIGOS Regulations and Standards ---Promote recommended to standard practices and procedures Update WMO Technical Regulations: engage all observing systems Standard practices and proceduresRecommended practices and procedures necessary for Members to follow or implement desirable for Members to follow or implement distinguished by the use of the term shalldistinguished by the use of the term should status of requirementsstatus of recommendations defined in a technical resolution Members shall do their utmost to implement Members urged to comply with Article 9(b) of the Convention is applicableArticle 9(b) of the Convention is not applicable Members shall inform SG of inability or impracticability of implementation No requirement GR 128 is applicableGR 128 is not applicable

Example: Revision of WMO Technical Regulations (Manual, etc) --- WIGOS Space component Missions The satellites should be equipped at a minimum to provide the following missions: (a) Imagery and sounding missions: satellites should be equipped to provide characteristics meeting user requirements to the greatest extent possible, independently or in conjunction with surface-based observations, quantitative data and qualitative information to enable determination of: –(i) Fields of atmospheric temperature and humidity; –(ii) Temperatures of sea and land surfaces; –(iii) Wind fields at the surface and aloft; –(iv) Cloud amount, cloud type, cloud top height and temperature, and cloud water content; –(v) Precipitation; –(vi) Snow and ice cover; –(vii) Total column ozone; –(viii) Vegetation cover; –(ix) Radiation balance data Missions The satellites should be equipped at a minimum to provide the following missions: (a) Imagery and sounding missions: satellites should be equipped to provide characteristics meeting user requirements to the greatest extent possible, independently or integration with surface-based observations, data, products and information to enable determination of: (i) Fields of atmosphere: mainly: –Temperature, humidity –Greenhouse gases, total ozone and ozone profile, reactive gases –Wind fields at the surface and aloft; –Cloud amount, type, top height and temperature, and cloud water content; –Precipitation, including chemical composition of precipitation; –Earth radiation balance data (ii) Surface variables: mainly –Temperatures of sea and land surfaces; different level of sub-surface –Snow and ice cover, including ocean, polar regions and cryosphere; –Soil moisture, hydrological variables –Flooding areas, fires, Vegetation cover; Possible revised versionCurrent version

WMO OMM 8/25/ Conclusion remark Benefits of WIGOS –Enhanced Members’ ability to meet expanding national mandates and achieve higher national and international visibility –including space agencies; –WIGOS provides a framework for improved collaboration and coordination within and beyond WMO; WIGOS is both: challenges and opportunities for building up synergies among us, a win- win strategy for our future Thanks for your attention !!

WMO OMM 20 WMO Cg-16 (2011) Decisions on Five Key Priorities for Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) WMO Integrated Global Observing System/WMO Information System (WIGOS/WIS) Capacity building Disaster Risk Reduction Aeronautical meteorology

WMO OMM Credit of WMO: Great advances in Weather Forecasts with great CGMS contributions: Continue of success: in the Realm of Climate Services need even greater support from all WMO Members and Technical Commissions

WMO OMM Thank you Merci Спасибо Graciasشكرا 谢 谢谢 谢谢 谢谢 谢 WIGOS:

data WIGOS will enhance developing value- added products and make them available to worldwide users for promoting satellite products utilization products Variables knowledge Investment in Science and technology for quality products and utilizations

WMO OMM WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan v.1.0 Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation 5. Integrated quality management Develop WIGOS Quality Management guidance, mechanism, practices and procedures to include monitoring Contributions from CGMS members Examination of current quality management practices being used by WMO observing programmes Satellite products quality improvement strategy-HLPP

WMO OMM Accuracy, Precision Representativeness Measurement traceability Long-time series stability Reducing uncertainty …… Ensure the quality of the observations from space meet GFCS requirements

WMO OMM Training event, Jincheon, Republic of Korea, October LEO-LEO intercalibration More on: Routine IR inter-calibration against IASI and AIRS on simultaneous overpass VIS and MW calibration under development GEO versus LEO Global Space-based Inter-calibration System (GSICS) CMA-CNES-EUMETSAT-IMD-ISRO-JAXA-JMA-KMA- -NOAA-NASA-NIST-Roshydromet-USGS-WMO

Data for Applications WIGOS: OPERATIONAL CYCLE User Consultation Rolling Review of Requirements Design and Planning Performance Monitoring & QC Data Dissemination and Storage Implementation Operation & Maintenance

Data for Applications WIGOS: KEY OPERATIONAL FEATURES Consult Users RRR Design and Plan Monitoring & QC Data Dissem and Storage Implement Operate & Maintain Global Standardization Strategic Integration Data and Metadata Discoverability, Accessibility, Recoverablilty (DAR) Measurement Traceability Interoperability Compatability Agreed Observations Practices Multi-purpose Observations Spectrum Management

WMO OMM Res. 2/2 (EC-LXIII) - INTER-COMMISSION COORDINATION GROUP ON THE WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (ICG-WIGOS) Decides: To establish an Inter-Commission Coordination Group on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (ICG-WIGOS ) – Three EC Focal Points on ICG-WIGOS Dr MOURA, PR of Brail, WMO first vice-president Mr ČAČIĆ, PR of Croatia, President of RA VI Mr SUTHERLAND, PR of Caribbean Met. Organization – Chair, Mr Branski, CBS President, at last CBS he delegated to VP of CBS, Sue Members are Representatives from all WMO Technical Commissions and Regional Associations – Three Task Teams: Task Team on WIGOS Implementation Plan (TT-WIP) Task Team on WIGOS Metadata (TT-WMD) Task Team on WIGOS Regulatory Material (TT-WRM) –In addition to ICG activities, 8/25/201429

WMO OMM Processes to translate Services requirements into Observational specifications Datasets Products Observation & Monitoring Instruments Specifications: Instrument type, Orbit, Scanning mode, Spectral bands, Channel width, SNR, … Observational requirements: Geophysical variable, Unit, Domain, Spatial resolution, Temporal resolution, Uncertainty … Source, Format, Projection, Segmentation, Quality flag, Compression, Metadata… Product requirements: Type (numerical, graphical, binary, alert), Algorithm, Spatial/temporal resolution, Quality control Service requirements: Content, Presentation, Delivery media, Timeliness, Continuity, User support, Training,.. Services USERS’ needs USERS’ satisfaction

WMO OMM WIGOS Framework Implementation Plan v.1.0 Key Activity Areas for WIGOS Implementation 6. Standardization, system interoperability and data compatibility Develop guidance for WIGOS standards and document the implemented standards, including best practices, procedures on instruments, methods of observations, data products, etc Contribution from CGMS members with satellite systems, data and products standards Develop and maintain the Standardization, Operational and RRR databases. Cg-17ICG-WIGOS

WMO OMM 7. WIGOS information resource Design and develop the WGOS Information Resource Secretariat supported by space agencies for the initial development Investigate the need for a database describing the Global Observations Products (Satellite Data and products are key parts) Satellite products database from CGMS members Survey WMO Members on what they could offer to support development and operations of WIGOS Information Resource 2012WIGOS PO Collect, maintain and provide the metadata required by WIGOS support tools Cg-17CGMS members

WMO OMM 33 Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review (OSCAR) concept

WMO OMM 34 Review of a capability: IR sounding from LEO PM AM Gap in early morning

WMO OMM 8. Data and Metadata management, discovery, delivery and archival Develop WIGOS metadata standards and guidance practices for maintenance of and access to WIGOS metadata Metadata on Satellite platform, instruments, operation,data, products, etc To initiate and develop a mechanism and outreach strategy for the integration of relevant observation data and associated metadata ICG-WIGOS Outreach activities targeting more observational data available through WIS Members (support from WIGOS PO)

WMO OMM Eumetsat Conference, Darmstadt 2008 WIGOS Metadata will enhance climate products generation : Orbital drift is most pronounced for afternoon satellites; NOAA - 7, 9, 11, 14. From Grody