By Shama Afreen Nida Nisha Samana Misbah

SURAT-UL- MUMTAHINAH:VERSES(10-11) AYAAH(60:10,60:11) When women embraced islam

AHL-UL-KITAB

O you who believe! When there come to you believing women refugees, examine (and test) them: Allah knows best as to their Faith: if ye ascertain tat they are Believers, then send them not back to the Unbelievers. They are not lawful (wives) for the Unbelievers, nor are the (Unbelievers) lawful (husbands) for them. But pay the Unbelievers what they have spent (on their dower), and there will be no blame on you if ye marry them on payment of their dower to them. But hold not to the guardianship of unbelieving women: ask for what ye have spent on their dowers, and let the (Unbelievers) ask for what they have spent (on the dowers of women who come over to you). Such is the command of Allah: He judges (with justice) between you. And Allah is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom.

And if any of your wives deserts you to the Unbelievers, and ye have an accession (by the coming over of a woman from the other side), then pay to those whose wives have deserted the equivalent of what they had spent (on their dower). And fear Allah, in Whom ye believe.

(Asbab-un-Nuzool) As a condition in the Trety of AL-Hdaybiyah the pagans insisted on a particular condition.If anyyone from them escaped Makkah and reached the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)he would havr to return the person bak to them.However,if a Muslim left Islam and escaped Madina to Makkah they would not have to return the person to the Muslims.This condition was hard on the Muslims to accept but the Kuffar insisted,so the Prophet agreed After the Treaty was signed,several Muslim men escaped from the Quraysh but the Prophet (P.B.U.H) was forced to let the Qurays take them back.Then Ummu-Kulthoom,the daughter of Uqbah,escaped and fled to madina.When Quraysh came asking for her,Allah revealed these verses stating that women are exempt from being returned if they are found to be sicere Muslims. Reasons For Revelation

Related Hadeeth Regarding the test in the verse, Ibn Abbas said that when a woman would come to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, he would make her take an oath. She had to swear that she did not leave Makkah because she hated her husband and that she only migrated out of a love for Allah and his Messenger.

Lesson Learned  Muslims were ordered to verify the sincerity of new Muslim women Muslims had to be sure that the new converts were sincere in embericing Islam.In some cases,New converts were not sincerer and they migrated to Madina for worldly moteives.Therefore it was important to verify that these women were sincere Muslims before they integrated them into the Islamic society.that is why this Surah is called Al-Mumtahinah (the tester or the tested) because it called for testing the new converts.  it is forbidden for a Muslim woman to marry a non-Muslim No Muslim woman is allowed to marry a nom-Muslim man regardless of how nice or kind he may be.If a non-Muslim man wishes to marry a Muslim woman.He must sincerely embrace Islam first the reason for such a ruling is that in Islam the husband is the ultimate head of the house hold.This is a big challenging responsibility that Allah has placed on men.If a Muslim woman is married to a nom-Muslim man she would have full authority as a wife to raise her children as a Muslim s and to run a home in accordance in Islam.Her husband may not approve that in some cases.This might mean that she could not stop haram food or alcohol from being consumed in her home Certainly,such marriage is doomed to fail if the wife really valued her faith

 It is not forbidden for a Muslim man to marry a non-Muslim woman  When Muslims get married,they want a partner who will help them become better Muslims and to get a Paradise.so it is forbidden in Islam marry someone who is not a Muslim  We must fear Allah and submit to his rulings When Allah rules on something mw must fully obey that rule and abide by it.Many Muslims don ot abide by God’s laws and rules thinking they are no real concern.Allah is deeply displaced with his servants whom he created and gave everything to when they still disobey him and violates hid rules.

SURAT-UL- MUMTAHINAH:VERSES(12-13) AYAAH(60:12,60:13) Women making the pledge of allegiance

 Bay’ah AL-Firar  AL-Kaba’ir  Kabeera  Sariqah  Riba  Zina  Qafl  Buhtan  Qalthf  Gheebah  Nameemah  Kathib  Khiyanah  Oqooq-ul-Walidayn

O Prophet! When believing women come to thee to take the oath of fealty to thee, that they will not associate in worship any other thing whatever with Allah, that they will not steal, that they will not commit adultery (or fornication), that they will not kill their children, that they will not utter slander, intentionally forging falsehood, and that they will not disobey thee in any just matter,- then do thou receive their fealty, and pray to Allah for the forgiveness (of their sins): for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

O ye who believe! Turn not (for friendship) to people on whom is the Wrath of Allah, of the Hereafter they are already in despair, just as the Unbelievers are in despair about those (buried) in graves.

Related Hadeeth  The Messenger of Allah,peace be upon him,also used these verse to take the pledge from the men.it is related in Sahihi Al Bukhari,that the Messenger of Allah said to a group of Ansar,”Do you pledge me not to make partners with Allah,or commit zina, or adultary,or steal …..- and he read the verse from this Surah -.whoever fulfills this will have his reward with Allah.who ever does any of these things and is punished –in this life-will not be punished for it in the life after. who ever does any of these things and Allah hides it –so that it dose’nt become known – will have the sin left up to Allah.either Allah will punish him or he will forgive him”

 Lesson Learned  Bay’ah is an important pledge of allegiance in Islam It is a part of Islamic practise for the leader of Muslim nation to ask his followers to make a pledge together to be loyal to Islam,the Muslim nation and do good things for Muslim community.this is called in Arabic Bay’ah.  The importance of women Muslim society the Muslim women in critical member of Muslim society.Alhough the Messenger of Allah(P.B.U.H),was very busy during Fateh Makkah,he agve special attention to the position of women.so.agter he took the pledge of allegiance from everyone,Allah commanded in this verse to take a special Bay’ah from the women.  Avoid Al-Kaba’ir, or major sins In Islam sins are divided into minor sins and major sins.Allah wanted new converts,both men and women,to pledge to the Prophet not to approachthe worst of the major sins,worshipping others than Allah,stealing zina,killing and attributing a child to the wrong father are all major sins.Allah oedered Prophet Muhammed to ask a new Muslims to pledge that they would not fall into these shameful sins.

the Arabic word for major sins is kab’ir plural of kabeerah.the worst of al kaba’ir are moubiqaat,or destructive sins. according to Imam Ibn Hajir Al- Asqalani,the Kaba’ir are those sins that fit the following criteria: Crimes that have preset punishments,or hudood. Sins that cause people to go hellfire according to Qur’an or the Hadeeth. Sins that God cursed those who practice them or described such people as deviants. According to Ayah 11,and a number of ahadeeth,the worst of the major sins are the following: Shirk:desblief Allah or worshippng other than Him or alon Him. Sihr:wichcraft and sorcery. Qatl-un-nafs:killing of an innocent soul.this includes murder<infanticide and abortion. Zina:adultary and fonication>having intimate relations outside marriage,including hormosexual behavior. Qathf:slandering pure women and men by sccusing the falsely of zina. Buhtan:attributing a baby to the wrong father.

Sariqah:stealing,especially stealing the money of the orphans and the weak. Riba:usuary and intrest bearing contracts and busniess deals. Al-Firar:retreating or deserting the battleground during times of Jihad. Kathib:lying,including shahada-uz-zoor, or false testimony. Al –yameen Al-Ghamoos:false oath. Oqooq-ul-Walidayn:disobedience of parents and being rude to them.

Shrub-ul-Khamr:drinking wine and consuming other intoxicants like marijuana and cocaine. Khiyanah:treason and betraying the Muslim society. Nameemah:Gossip that leads to breaking relationships between family members and friends. We all need to stay away from anything like this and reject all those who practice.