WATER & DISEASES Murray Biedler July 09, 2012.

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Presentation transcript:

WATER & DISEASES Murray Biedler July 09, 2012

Current Medical Reality Disease Morbidity (episodes/year) Mortality (deaths/year) Diarrhoeal diseases 1,000,000,000 3,300,000 Intestinal worms 1,500,000,000 100,000 Shistosomiasis 200,000,000 200,000 Malaria 400,000,000 1,500,000 Total burden/year 3,100,000,000 5,000,000

F-DIAGRAM: TRANSMISSION ROUTES

WATER-RELATED DISEASES ENVIRONMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS Faecal-Oral Water-Washed Water-Based Water-Related Vectors

Faecal-Oral Diseases Pathogens transmitted by human excreta and then ingested Infections of intestinal tract (diarrhoea) - illness & death Personal & domestic hygiene important

SECONDARY FAECAL-ORAL Environmental vibrion reservoir Transmision routes Cholera SECONDARY FAECAL-ORAL TRANSMISSION PRIMARY WATER & FOOD BORNE TRANSMISSION Environmental vibrion reservoir

Faecal-Oral Diseases

Water-Washed Diseases Quantity of water more important than quality of water Linked to personal and domestic hygiene

Water-Washed Diseases Skin and Eye Infections Skin sepsis Scabies Fungal Skin Infections Trachoma/Blindness Others Louse-borne Typhus

Water-Based Diseases Vector based in water Ingested Dracunculiasis or Guinea Worm Skin Penetrating Schistosomiasis or Bilharziasis

Insect Vector Diseases Spread by insects that : breed in water bite near water.

Insect Vector Diseases Breed in Water malaria (anopheles) dengue (aedes) yellow fever (aedes) onchocerciasis or river blindness (simulium black fly) Bite Near Water trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness (glosina tsetse fly)

TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES Water Borne (Cholera) Improve quality of drinking water Prevent casual use of unimproved sources Water Washed (Cholera, Scabies) Increase water quantity used Improve accessibility and reliability of domestic water supply Improve hygiene practices Water Based (Guinea Worm) Decrease need for contact with infected water Control snail population (water treatment) Reduce contamination of surface waters by excreta Water Related (Malaria) Improve surface water management Destroy breeding sites of insects Decrease need to visit breeding sites Use (impregnated) mosquito netting Do Indoor Residual Spraying

Reservoir Host transmission Control of Diseases Related to WHS Treat Disease in person Reduce Reservoir Interrupt Transmission Prevent Disease in population