1. Water Related Diseases

2. Water… 1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water
2.9 billion people do not have adequate sanitation facilities
11,000 children die each day of water-related diseases

3. Out-Break
Two or more persons experiencing a similar illness after ingestion of a common food or liquid
Epidemiologic analysis implicates the food/beverage as the source of illness

5. Water Borne Diseases
Diseases caused by ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement, which contain pathogenic microorganisms
Include cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary dysentery and other diarrheal diseases

6. Disease Causing Agents
Giardiasis (Protozoan)
Shigellosis (Bacteria)
Viral Gastroenteritis (Virus)
Escherichia coli (Bacteria)
Vibrio cholera (Bacteria)
Salmonella typhi (Bacteria)
Hepatitis A virus
Poliovirus

7. Other Agents
In addition, water-borne disease can be caused by the pollution of water with chemicals that have an adverse effect on health
Arsenic
Fluoride
Nitrates from fertilizers
Carcinogenic pesticides (DDT)
Lead (from pipes)
Heavy Metals

8. E.coli Mostly diarrhea Fecal-oral and person-to-person transmission
Can cause death in immunocompromised individuals, the very young, and the elderly due to dehydration from prolonged illness

9. Shigella Bacterial Dysentery Profuse diarrhea and dehydration
Humans are the reservoir
Fecal-oral and person-to-person transmission
A disease of crowded conditions and poor hygiene
Lack of sufficient clean water for adequate hygiene
Handwashing is a crucial control measure

10. Vibrio cholerae Cholera
There are other species that are causes of foodborne disease
Cause of epidemic diarrheal disease
Crowding, poor sanitation, lack of water treatment
Fecal-oral and person-to-person transmission
There are asymptomatic carriers who can transmit disease
Bacteria produces a toxin that causes severe fluid and electrolyte loss from the intestine

11. Salmonella typhi Typhoid fever Typhoid can be food or water borne
Mostly in developing world
Fecal-oral and person-to-person transmission
Humans are the reservoir
Asymptomatic people in a chronic carrier state can spread disease
Vaccination is only done for travelers
Inadequate water treatment and sanitation is a cause

12. Hepatitis A virus
Symptoms are only acute and include Fatigue, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, itching, jaundice and depression
Almost everyone recovers fully from hepatitis A with a lifelong immunity. However, a very small proportion of people infected with hepatitis A could die
The risk of hepatitis A infection is associated with a lack of safe water, and poor sanitation and hygiene (such as dirty hands)
Safe water supply, food safety, improved sanitation, hand washing and the hepatitis A vaccine are the most effective ways to combat the disease

13. Poliovirus Enters water through the feces of infected individuals
Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entering the mouth
It may also be spread by food or water containing human feces
The disease is preventable with the polio vaccine

14. Water washed diseases
Diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and skin and eye contact with contaminated water
These include scabies, trachoma, typhus, and other flea, lice and tick- borne diseases.

15. Water Based Diseases
Diseases caused by parasites found in intermediate organisms living in contaminated water
Includes Schistosomiasis and Dracunculiasis

16. Water Related Diseases
Water-related diseases are caused by insect vectors, especially mosquitoes, that breed or feed near contaminated water
They are not typically associated with lack of access to clean drinking water or sanitation services
Include dengue, filariasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis and yellow fever

17. Food Borne Diseases

18. Causes of Food-Borne Outbreaks

23. Foods Associated with Agents

24. Continue

25. Control and Prevention
Global
Governments
Communities
Individual

26. Education & Awareness

27. General Preventions

28. Global Strategy Track waterborne disease nationally
Investigate the causes and sources of waterborne disease and outbreaks
Identify the risk factors for infection
Develop improved laboratory detection and sampling methods
Develop new ways to remove or inactivate pathogens
Assess new prevention ideas
Promote improved public health through communication and education
Develop WASH-related guidance and policy
(CDC)

29. Continue… Build a strong team
Deliver the best administrative and mission support
Use a multidisciplinary approach to yield the best science
Develop strategic internal and external partnerships
Maximize effectiveness and productivity from taxpayer investment
Provide superior technical support and capacity building expertise to partners
Train and educate new waterborne disease prevention experts
Translate science into prevention