Forensic Science: Introduction Continued!

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Forensic Science: Introduction Continued! Class web-site: Wardisiani.com / PowerSchool.com / PTHS209.Blackboardclassroom.com 09/03/2019

Modern Scientific Advances in Forensics DNA Typing The most significant modern advance in Forensics. Sir Alec Jeffreys – DNA Profiling Test (1984) DNA Typing is a powerful to for establishing the precise identification of a suspect, even when small aounnts of physical evidence is available.

Computerized Databases Fingerprinting Bullets and Shell Casings DNA The development and use of these databases has significantly reduced the time required to analyze evidence and increase accuracy.

Crime Laboratories LAPD: Oldest Crime Laboratory in the Country (1923). FBI: (1932) J. Edgar Hoover developed the first National Crime Lab. Worlds Largest Crime Lab!

Organization of the Crime Lab ~400 Public Crime Labs in the US Laboratory Staff varies based on size and the type of work being evaluated.

The Growth of Crime Labs Supreme Courts Decision (1960’s) The scientific collection and evaluation of evidence Increase in US Crime Rates over the past 40 years. War of Drugs Evaluation of ALL Drug Evidence prior to trial. Since the early 1990’s DNA Fingerprinting constitutes ~25% of all evidence evaluated in the crime lab. DNA Profiling - CODIS: Combined DNA Index System

Crime Labs in the US FBI (Department of Justice) DEA (Department of Justice) ATF (Department of Justice) US Postal Inspection Service Each of these facilities offers its expertise to any local agency that REQUESTS assistance

Services of the Crime Lab Physical Science Unit: Chemistry, Physics and Geology Biology Unit: DNA Profiling on dried bloodstains, bodily fluids, compare hair and fiber and identify botanical materials. Firearm Unit: Firearms, discharged bullets, cartridge cases, shells, ammunition and GSR.

Service of the Crime Lab (Cont’d) Document Examination: Reviews questioned documents (Evaluates hand written and typing of questionable documents) Photography Unit: Examines and records evidence (Photograph, High Resolution Camera and Digital Imaging) Prepare photographs exhibits for trial.

(Cont’d) Toxicology Unit: Bodily Fluids and Organs to determine the presence of poisons. Latent Fingerprints Latent (Hidden Fingerprints) Polygraph Unit: Lie Detector

(Cont’d) Voiceprint Analysis Unit: Threated Calls Tape or digital recorded messages Voice Print Analysis Crime Scene Investigation Unit Crime Scene Evidence Collection Remember….collect NOT evaluate!

Other Forensic Science Services Forensic Psychiatry Human Behavior and legal proceeding Evaluate Behavior Disorders Forensic Odontology Bite Marks Identification of Human Remains Forensic Engineering Failure Analysis Accident Reconstruction

Thanks! Refer to the POW for upcoming assignments and experiments