1. 8/15/16 SET UP CORNELL NOTES ON PAGE 11 OF YOUR INB.
Title: Intro to Forensic Science
Objective: Define forensic Science and investigate it’s origins.
Essential Question: What is forensic science? How has forensic science evolved?
Questions:
Notes:
Summary

2. An Introduction to Forensic Science on a separate sheet of paper write 5 things that are different in real life forensics.

3. What is Forensic Science?
…the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.

4. Forensic Science is…
Applied Science
Often called “criminalistics”

5. Forensic Science applies}
Chemistry
Biology
Physics
Geology
Places physical evidence into a professional discipline.
to civil and criminal law

6. The development of Forensic Science

7. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Popularized physical detection methods in a crime scene
Developed the character Sherlock Holmes
First published in 1887

8. Mathieu Orfila (1787 – 1853) Father of Forensic Toxicology
Treatise on detection of poisons & their effects on animals.

9. Alphonse Bertillon (1853 – 1914)
Father of Criminal Detection
Devised the first scientific system of personal identification, using body measurements known as anthropometry in 1879.

10. Francis Galton (1822 – 1911)
Conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification.
1892 – Treatise entitled Finger Prints

11. Leone Lattes (1887 – 1954)
In 1915 he devised a simple procedure for determining the blood type (A,B,O,AB) of a dried bloodstain
In 1932, Lattes developed a method for determining blood type from a dry sample

12. Calvin Goddard (1891 – 1955)
Used a comparison microscope to determine if a bullet was fired from a specific gun
Calvin's microscope was popularized in 1927, during the Sacco and Vanzetti Case. Calvin was called upon to assist investigators with the Massachusetts murder case. With the aid of his microscope, he was able to compare and analyze bullets found at the crime scene to those of Sacco's revolver. Calvin offered his expert opinion and found ballistic evidence that proved it was the bullet from Sacco's pistol that killed Alesandro Berardelli. The ballistic evidence helped secure the convictions of accused murderers, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti.
Published study of “tool marks” on bullets

13. Albert S. Osborn (1858 – 1946)
Developed fundamental principles of document examination
1910 – Treatise Questioned Documents
Was responsible for the acceptance of documents as scientific evidence by the courts

14. Edmond Locard (1877 – 1966)
Demonstrated how the principles developed by Hans Gross could be incorporated into a workable crime lab.
In 1943 developed the Locard's exchange principle which states that once contact is made between two surfaces a transfer of material(s) will occur.

15. Warm up 8/16/16
In the summary section of your notes (11), write 5 -7 sentences answering the following question:
How is Forensic Science different from what you see on television?
Then…
Use the scientists in the notes and create a time line on page 10. Create an illustration that explains the contribution of each scientist. Use color and be neat.

16. Careers in forensic science

17. SET UP CORNELL NOTES ON PAGE 13 OF YOUR INB.
Title: Crime Labs
Objective: Account for the rapid growth of forensics laboratories in the past 40 years.
Essential Question: Describe the services of a typical comprehensive crime lab in the criminal justice system.
Questions:
Notes:
Summary

18. Organization of a Crime Laboratory

19. Crime Labs
Since the 1960's the number of crime labs increased due to the courts demanding secure scientifically evaluated evidence.
More crime
More drug related crime
Greater need for physical evidence
Use of DNA profiling (1990’s)
Presently there are 350 Crime Laboratories in the U.S.

20. Services of the Crime Lab
Many local crime laboratories have been created solely for the purpose of processing evidence
Currently most of their energy and funds are used to analyze drugs and DNA.
In 1932, Hoover first established a national forensics laboratory to support all law enforcement in the U.S.
The oldest American forensics laboratory is in Los Angeles, California, created in by August Volmer.

21. Use the forensics text book to complete the chart on page 12 in your inb Basic services Provided by full-service Crime Labs
Unit
Services Offered
Physical Science
Biology
Firearms
Document Examination
Photography
Toxicology
Polygraph
Latent Fingerprint
Voiceprint Analysis
Crime Scene Investigation

22. Crime Lab Units Standard Optional Toxicology Fingerprints Polygraph
Physical Science
Biology
Firearms
Documents
Photography
Optional
Toxicology
Fingerprints
Polygraph
Voice Print
Evidence

23. Basic Services Provided by Full-Service Crime Laboratories
Physical Science Unit:
Applies the principles and techniques of Chemistry
Physics
Geology
to the identification and comparison of crime- scene evidence
Biology Unit:
Identifies dried bloodstains and body fluids
Compares hairs and fibers
Identifes and compares botanical materials such as wood and plants
Performs DNA analysis

24. Basic Services (continued)
Firearms Unit: examines
Firearms
Discharged bullets
Cartridge cases
Shotgun shells
Ammunition of all types
Document Examination Unit:
Analyzes handwriting, paper and printers of documents
Photography Unit:
Examines and records physical evidence at the crime scene and at suspects' locations

25. Optional Services Provided by Full-Service Crime Labs
Toxicology Unit:
Examines body fluids and organs in order to determine the presence and identification of drugs and poisons
Latent Fingerprint Unit:
Processes and examines evidence for latent fingerprints
i.e. those found on surfaces
Polygraph Unit:
Uses lie detectors, an essential tool of the crime investigator rather than the forensic scientist

26. Optional Services (continued)
Voiceprint Analysis Unit:
Involved in cases of telephone threats or tape-recorded messages
Investigators may be able to connect a voice to a particular suspect
Evidence-Collection Unit:
Incorporates evidence collection into a total forensic science service