Optimization for Sustainable Water Resources Lebanon Case Study The Lower Litani River Basin First Management Board Meeting ELARD in cooperation with NCRS Izmir April 1 and 2, 2005 Environmental and Water Resources Management Consultants Lebanese National Center for Remote Sensing

OUTLINE Status of Stakeholders Involvement Issues Questionnaire Data Collection Progress Model Tools and Scenarios OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Status of Stakeholders Involvement Major Stakeholders were identified (<Stakeholders-general list-Lebanon>) Not fully taken into account in D01 Still need to identify key communities to be involved and other major water users (farmers COOPs) Key stakeholders are already involved in the project (Litani River Authority (GOV), NGOs, MoE) Next steps: Introducing remaining stakeholders to project (letters, issues questionnaires, interviews) Local participatory workshop (?) OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Issues Questionnaires Already tested by: ELARD and NCRS LRA (GOV) Amwaj of Environment (NGO) Comprehensiveness Data availability (?) (under Water management) R&D (under water management) DSS (?) (under Water management) OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Issues Questionnaires (2) Clarity: Water scarcity Coastal interaction Coexistance of public and private responsibility, privatization Gender issues Technology and investments Development of demand (generic) Household/Tourism/Agriculture/Industrial Water Quality under Water Demand Shipping and flooding (under Water demand, other uses) OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Issues Questionnaires (3) Structure: Water scarcity under physical conditions (?) or under Water Supply (as water availability)? Separate groundwater availability and quality Separate Standards and Quotas Water Quality Issue within Demand and Supply Why not as a stand-alone category (in order to address key issues affecting water quality)? OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Issues Questionnaires (4) Comparative Analysis Not applicable Marginal Important Very important 1. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS 1.1 WATER SCARCITY PRIV GOV NGO 1.2 FLOODS AND DROUGHTS ALL 1.3 GROUNDWATER AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY GOV (avail.) GOV (qual.) PRIV NGO 1.4 WATERSHED DEGRADATION GOV NGO PRIV 1.5 COASTAL INTERACTION OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study Not applicable Marginal Important Very important 2. WATER MANAGEMENT 2.1 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 2.1.1 Conflict and fragmentation of competences between institutions, overlap and conflicts ALL 2.1.2 Participation in water management - mechanisms, fora, active use NGO GOV PRIV 2.1.3 Coexistence of public and private responsibility, privatization 2.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 2.2.1 Standards and quotas PRIV GOV NGO 2.2.2 Water rights and conflict resolution 2.3 WATER PRICING POLICIES 2.4 EDUCATION AND AWARENESS 2.5 GENDER ISSUES GOV NGO PRIV 2.6 TECHNOLOGY AND INVESTMENTS OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study Not applicable Marginal Important Very important 3. WATER DEMAND 3.1 DEVELOPMENT OF DEMAND (GENERIC) NGO GOV 3.1.1 Population growth (general) NGO PRIV 3.1.2 Urbanisation, land use change PRIV GOV NGO 3.1.3 Economic development (tourism, industry) 3.2 HOUSEHOLD 3.2.1 Water quantity 3.2.2 Water quality 3.2.3 Water technologies OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study 3.3 TOURISM 3.3.1 Water quantity ALL 3.3.2 Water quality GOV PRIV NGO 3.3.3 Water technologies 3.4 AGRICULTURE 3.4.1 Water quantity 3.4.2 Water quality 3.4.3 Water technologies (irrigation efficiency) 3.5 INDUSTRY 3.5.1 Water quantity 3.5.2 Water quality GOV NGO PRIV 3.5.3 Water technologies (efficiency, recycling, reuse, BAT) 3.6 OTHER USES (environment, shipping, flood control) 3.6.1 Environmental water allocation GOV 3.6.2 Shipping 3.6.3 Flooding OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study 4. WATER SUPPLY 4.1 QUANTITY PRIV GOV NGO 4.2 QUALITY 4.2.1 Surface water ALL 4.2.2 Groundwater NGO GOV PRIV 4.3 ACCESSIBILITY 4.3.1 Households (availability of piped water) 4.3.2 Tourism 4.3.3 Agriculture 4.3.4 Industry 4.4 INFRASTRUCTURES 4.4.1 Water abstraction and storage, reservoirs, water harvesting GOV 4.4.2 Sewer system, water treatment and discharges 4.4.3 Water distribution networks (canals and pipes), losses 4.4.4 Preservation of natural resources OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Data Collection and Availability Identification: Lower Litani River Basin, South Lebanon Description: Coastal southern Lebanon along Eastern Mediterranean Sub-Basin Area: 600 km2 Elevations from 0 to 600 m amsl Average annual precipitation: 700 mm Over 100 springs and increasing number of groundwater wells Around 120 towns and a total population of about 300,000 persons OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Data Collection and Availability (2) Location: GIS data and satellite imagery are available OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Data Collection and Availability (3) Basin: High-resolution DEM is available OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Data Collection and Availability (4) Land-use: OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Data Collection and Availability (5) Meteorology: Data available from the Lebanese Meteorological Service Annual total/average precipitation and temperature; min/max/average, monthly total/average time series of daily values are available Number of relevant stations being checked with LMS (limited number of stations – 1 or 2) Hydrology: Data available from the Litani River Authority OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Data Collection and Availability (6) Monitoring infrastructure: Major limitation with respect to water quality monitoring No systematic monitoring of groundwater levels No monitoring/measurement of water consumption (metering systems) No systematic monitoring available other than hydrological and meteorological data Water budget: Precipitation = 282 million m3/year Evapo-transpiration = 143 million m3/year Runoff = 43 million m3/year River discharge = 130 million m3/year Different uses = 66 million m3/year Groundwater storage = 100 million m3/year OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Data Collection and Availability (7) Structures: One major reservoir: Markaba No water/wastewater treatment plants available Water resources: More than 70% of water consumption goes to irrigation No environmental water use Main source of water supply is from surface water No unconventional sources Domestic distribution networks need upgrading Irrigation networks are still deficient and need to be implemented No treatment facilities OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Data Collection and Availability (8) Demography: Total population 300000 Urban/rural National 87% urban Local 76% urban Family size National 5 Local 7 Growth rate 1.9% Migration 18% among youth OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

Modeling Basic review and initiation to manuals Effective start after long expected modeling training workshop OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study

OPTIMA - Lebanon Case Study