1. Water Resources Management: concepts, tools, and applications
DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, Austria
Environmental Software & Services A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen

2. Water Resources Management
CONCEPTS:
WRM problems, 2000/60/EC
TOOLS:
WaterWare: integrated river basin management information system
APPLICATIONS:
SMART; Kelantan river basin, Malaysia; Lerma-Chapala, Mexico

3. Resource management problems
The classical problems:
Not enough
Too much
At the wrong place
At the wrong time
Insufficient quality
Problems of distribution of resources and use patterns
(clean air, water, land, biodiversity, …)
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4. Water Resources Management
must be analyzed in a broad systems context:
Socio-economic aspects (costs and benefits, jobs, institutions, regulations)
Environmental aspects (water quality, water allocation, alternative use)
Technological aspects (constraints, BAT, clean technologies, water efficiency, reuse and recycling)

5. A river basin perspective:
Water can easily be accounted for,
a mass budget approach is feasible;
The hydrographic unit of the catchment or river basin provides a naturally bounded well defined system;
Conservation laws (mass, energy) are used to describe dynamic water budgets.

6. EU Regulatory response
Directive 2000/60/EC
Framework for Community action in the field of water policy.
(4) Waters in the Community are under increasing pressure from the continuous growth in demand for sufficient quantities of good quality water for all purposes.
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7. 2000/60/EC
(9) It is necessary to develop and integrated Community policy on water.
(11) Objectives of preserving, protecting, and improving the environment … rectified at source, polluter should pay.
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8. Policy must take into account …vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems …
(12) …balanced development … potential benefits and costs of action or lack of action.
Policy must take into account …vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems …
(27) Ultimate objective … elimination of priority hazardous substances …2455/2001/EC
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9. 2000/60/EC
(33) Unit: river basin (same ecological, hydrological and hydrogeological system); transboundary coordination.
(36) Development of water status … monitored by the Member States on a systematic and comparable basis.
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10. (38) .. Use of economic instruments …may be appropriate.
An economic analysis of water services based on long-term forecasts of supply and demand for water in the river basin district will be necessary …
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11. …provide proper information
2000/60/EC
(46) ..ensure the participation of the general public … in the establishment and updating of river basin management plans…
…provide proper information
(Article 14, public information and consultation)
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12. 2000/60/EC
Articles 1- 4 define purpose, definitions, objectives, environmental objectives:
Member states shall…..implement the necessary measure …shall protect and enhance …..
?????
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13. Analysis of its characteristics
2000/60/EC
Article 5: Member States shall ensure for each river basin district:
Analysis of its characteristics
A review of impacts of human activities …
An economic analysis of water use.
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14. Pricing policies for efficient use.
2000/60/EC
Article 9: Recovery of costs for water services (Annex III), polluter pays principle.
Pricing policies for efficient use.
Adequate contributions of different groups (industry, agriculture, households)
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15. 2000/60/EC In summary: Integrated management (P/NP, S/G, Q/Q)
River-basin oriented
River basin management plans, monitoring, reporting
Economic analysis and instruments (efficiency)
Public information and consultation
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16. WaterWare (EUREKA 486)
is an information and decision support system for water resources management.
designed to support river-basin scale planning
operational management,
monitoring,
water allocation,
pollution control,
environmental impact assessment tasks.

17. WATERWARE (EUREKA 486)
Is designed to address the concepts and demands of 2000/60/EC (Annex III, VII)
River basin oriented
Integrated data management
Long-term supply-demand pattern simulation and analysis incl. quality
Management oriented (allocation)
Use of economic criteria
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18. WaterWare (EUREKA 486) Object-oriented structure including
Documents (XML/HTML) including web publishing
GIS data, DEM, land use, soil, geology
Monitoring data (real-time)
Demand/supply objects (e.g., cities)
Simulation Models (supply, demand, quality, economics)
DSS tools, EIA expert system
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24. Object-oriented structure River Basin Object:
WaterWare
Object-oriented structure
River Basin Object:
Sub-catchments
Reservoirs, hydraulic structures
Demand Nodes: cities, industries, irrigation areas, wetlands
Monitoring stations
River network (nodes, reaches)
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34. Water demand Intake recycling Production process Consumptive use
(quality constraint)
Production
process
return flow
(pollution)
recycling

35. Water demand Depends on: Production volume Production technology
Recycling strategies
Demand has quantitative and qualitative elements, usually involves water treatment
For a given cost of water, an optimal strategy can be computed based on investment cost, discount rate, and project lifetime (NPV)

37. Conflicting use
More than 70% of water is generally used for agriculture (irrigation);
Added value per unit water used in industry is usually between 50 to 100 times higher than in agriculture;
Domestic (including tourism) use of water is comparatively small, but with high quality requirements and low elasticity, seasonal variability.
Environmental use (low flow, quality constraints).

40. Benefit and Costs Nodes are described by cost functions: Investment
Operating cost (OMR)
Life time of project/structure
Discount rates
Benefits per unit water supplied and used.
Computation of NPV (net present value) for comparison of scenarios

41. Quality integration
Demand nodes produce return flow of modified quality
Flow regime results in different dilution and self-purification behaviour.
Results of the WRM feed water quality models (flow, effluents)
Water quality models for surface and groundwater

49. Application Example
SMART: sustainable management of scarce water resources in the coastal regions of the Mediterranean (INDOC-MED, EU funded)
Turkey
Lebanon
Jordan (Red Sea)
Egypt
Tunisia
Uses 2000/60/EC framework for comparative environmental and economic evaluation

50. Application Example
The Kelantan River north-eastern peninsular Malaysia.
Catchment of about 15,000 km2
Altitude difference of more than 2100 m
Average runoff of about 500 m3/sec
Monsoon climate. rainfall with extreme monthly values between 0 and 1750 mm in dry and wet months
The main problem: reliability of water resources for the rice paddies that supply about 12 % of national production.
Efficiency: low, water is free for farmers.

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63. WRM and 2000/60/EC In summary: Integrated management (P/NP, S/G, Q/Q)
River-basin oriented
River basin management plans, monitoring, reporting
Economic analysis and instruments (cost efficiency)
Public information and consultation
IT tools to support implementation
a test for he notes:
are they legible and useful ?
How can I read them while talking ?