10.2 Feudalism & Manorialism

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Presentation transcript:

10.2 Feudalism & Manorialism The Middle Ages 10.2 Feudalism & Manorialism

Feudalism Political system—developed in the absence of a strong central government Violent time—kings and nobles needed help to fight off invaders Fief (Land = Power) Primogeniture The Heir and the Spare

Throughout most of Europe you have … Feudal nations included lands that had belonged to Charlemagne… Throughout most of Europe you have …

Manorialism Economic System—included a large estate that included the manor house, pastures, fields, and a village Self-sufficient & Separation serfs

Chivalry A code of conduct for knights Brave, fight fare, loyal, keep work, gallantry to foes, courteous to women

10.3 The Church

Secular Clergy (Lived among the people) Popes had supremacy in: Roman Catholic Church Territories in central Italy—Papal States Church became involved in feudal system The Church owned land and leaders had power as lords Positions could be bought by local lords and were tied to a feudal contract Bishops and Abbots were usually “2nd Sons” and had no interest in church affairs (simony p. 239)

Investiture Controversy Pope Gregory VII Convinced he was chosen by God to reform they church Lay investiture— (a lay man) a secular king/lord officially granting spiritual authority (usually to a bishop) Pope Gregory declared only the Church could appoint clergy and he could remove any leaders who refused to comply Henry IV (Holy Roman Empire—Germany) w/o this power he felt he could not maintain his power in the face of the German nobles

Increase in Church Power Concordat of Worms (p.324) Controversy was settled with a new Pope & a new King! (it took THAT long to reconcile) Emperor grants only lands and secular powers to church officials Church officials would elect bishops and grant spiritual authority Pope Innocent III Believed the Pope was the supreme judge of European affairs Interdict (p. 238)—used the practice to control European rulers (esp. last rights)

(Lived away from the people—according to strict laws) Regular Clergy (Lived away from the people—according to strict laws) The High Middle Ages also saw an increase in those joining the order: Cistercians Nuns Franciscans—missionaries Dominicans—against heresy Inquisition Religious court whose job was to find & try heretics Punish confessed heretics, tortured to confession, handed to state for execution if no confession