DNA and Modern Genetics CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER DNA and Modern Genetics the BIG idea DNA is a set of instructions for making cell parts. 5.1 DNA and RNA are required to make proteins. 5.2 Changes in DNA can produce variation. 5.3 Modern genetics uses DNA technology. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

5.1 DNA and RNA are required to make proteins. DNA contains a code that enables a cell to make RNA and proteins. Replication copies the code before a cell divides. replication RNA • DNA's triplet code enables a cell to make RNA • mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes translate the code into a sequence of amino acids. • The amino acids form a protein needed for cell function. DNA RNA Proteins VISUALIZATION Watch an animation of how proteins are made. CLASSZONE.COM CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Changes in DNA can produce variation. 5.2 Changes in DNA can produce variation. Differences in DNA produce variations. Any change to DNA is a mutation. Many mutations have no or little effect. However, some mutations can change the way a cell works—sometimes helping an organism, sometimes hurting it. mutation Ss pedigree Genetic disorders are caused by mutations in DNA. Some are inherited and can be followed through different generations of a family by using a pedigree. Other genetic disorders, such as cancer, are caused by mutations that occur during a person’s lifetime. Ss SS CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Modern genetics uses DNA technology. 5.3 Modern genetics uses DNA technology. Changes in DNA can change an organism. Selective breeding changes organisms by choosing for traits already coded for by DNA. selective breeding genetic engineering Genetic engineering introduces changes to the DNA of an organism. It can be used to genome • introduce new traits into an organism Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned. cloning • produce medicines and other products • identify individuals • clone genes as well as organisms • sequence the genome of an organism CHAPTER RESOURCES DNA technology raises important issues for society. SECTION OUTLINE

5.1 DNA and RNA are required to make proteins. I. DNA and RNA are required to make proteins. replication A. DNA is the information molecule. RNA 1. Proteins and Amino Acids 2. DNA and the Genetic Code 3. Replication B. RNA is needed to make proteins. 1. Transcription 2. Translation CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Changes in DNA can produce variation. 5.2 Changes in DNA can produce variation. II. Changes in DNA can produce variation. mutation A. DNA sequences can change. pedigree B. Mutations can cause genetic disorders. C. Cancer is a genetic disorder that affects the cell cycle. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Modern genetics uses DNA technology. 5.3 Modern genetics uses DNA technology. III. Modern genetics uses DNA technology. selective breeding A. Changes in DNA can change an organism. genetic engineering 1. Selective Breeding genome 2. Genetic Engineering cloning B. There are risks and benefits associated with genetic engineering. C. DNA technology has many applications. 1. DNA Identification 2. Studying Genomes CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Chapter Resources Image Gallery CHAPTER HOME Chapter Resources Image Gallery Click here to view chapter images and animations Click on the items below to access resources on CLASSZONE.COM Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings Resource Centers Get more information on select science topics Content Review Review key concepts and vocabulary Standardized Test Practice Practice state standardized tests Math Tutorial Review math concepts BACK TO CHAPTER