1. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
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Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
the BIG idea
Our Sun is one of billions of stars in one of billions of galaxies in the universe.
22.1
The Sun is our local star.
22.2
Stars change over their life cycles.
22.3
Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.
22.4
The universe is expanding.
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2. 22.1 The Sun is our local star.
The Sun produces energy from hydrogen. Energy flows through the Sun’s layers.
Features appear on the Sun’s surface.
fusion
atmosphere
interior
layers
convection
corona
sunspot
solar flares
prominence
magnetic storms
solar wind
auroras
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3. Stars change over their life cycles.
22.2
Stars change over their life cycles.
Stars vary in brightness, size, color, and temperature.
The development of a star depends on the mass of the star.
light-year
Most stars are grouped with one or more companion stars.
parallax
black hole
lower-mass star
giant star
white dwarf
supernovas
higher-mass stars
supergiants
neutron star
nebula
main sequence
neutron star
black hole
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4. Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.
22.3
Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.
Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is a spiral galaxy.
Galaxies can also be
quasar
Irregular galaxies have no definite shape.
elliptical
or irregular.
Spiral Galaxy
Elliptical Galaxy
Irregular Galaxy
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Explore the different shapes of galaxies in the universe.
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5. The universe is expanding.
22.4
The universe is expanding.
Galaxies are moving farther a part in the universe. Scientists are investigating the origin and development of the universe.
Doppler effect
big bang
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6. The Sun is our local star.
22.1
The Sun is our local star.
I. The Sun is our local star.
fusion
A. The Sun produces energy from hydrogen.
convection
B. Energy flows through the Sun’s layers.
corona
1. The Sun’s Interior
sunspot
2. The Sun’s Atmosphere
solar wind
3. Features on the Sun
4. Solar Wind
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

7. Stars change over their life cycles.
22.2
Stars change over their life cycles.
II. Stars change over their life cycles.
light-year
A. We classify stars by their characteristics.
parallax
1. Brightness and Distance
nebula
2. Size
main sequence
3. Color and Temperature
neutron star
B. Stars have life cycles.
black hole
1. Stages in the Life Cycles of Stars
2. Neutron Stars and Black Holes
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3. Star Systems
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

8. Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.
22.3
Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.
III. Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.
quasar
A. Our solar system lies within the Milky Way galaxy.
B. Galaxies vary in appearance.
1. Types of Galaxies
2. Centers of Galaxies
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KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

9. The universe is expanding.
22.4
The universe is expanding.
IV. The universe is expanding.
Doppler effect
A. Galaxies are moving farther apart in the universe.
big bang
1. Looking Back in Time
2. The Motion of Galaxies
B. Scientists are investigating the origin of the universe.
1. Evidence of the Big Bang
2. Development of the Universe
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