Routine Use of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pectus Excavatum in Adults  Hans K. Pilegaard, MD, Peter B. Licht, MD, PhD  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 86, Issue 3, Pages 952-956 (September 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.078 Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 A typical case of pectus excavatum in an adult before minimally invasive correction. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2008 86, 952-956DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.078) Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 A typical patient with moderate pectus excavatum and a pectus bar shaped like the expected new anterior chest wall. The 5-mm port for the thoracoscope is shown. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2008 86, 952-956DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.078) Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Same patient as Figure 2 with the introducer in place before introduction of the metal pectus bar. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2008 86, 952-956DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.078) Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Same patient as Figure 2 just before the metal pectus bar is turned. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2008 86, 952-956DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.078) Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 A roentgenogram of patient in Figure 1 with 2 pectus bars. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2008 86, 952-956DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.078) Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Photograph shows the patient in Figure 1 six weeks after surgery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2008 86, 952-956DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.04.078) Copyright © 2008 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions