Ornamental Herbs are important in retail nurseries as they can attract large number of customers Small in size and can be planted in pots and indoors Mostly used in landscape garden as hedges, edges, cover crops, flower beds etc. Propagated by different methods like Seeds, cuttings, runners, bulbs, corms, suckers as main methods of mass production in herbs. INTRODUCTION

THE GARDEN A garden is a place to grow fruits and vegetables, medicinal herbs, and ornamental plants. Historically, most gardens have been used for all these purposes at once. The garden represents an image of paradise on Earth: the perfect place for peace, relaxation The word paradise comes from ancient Persia, meaning a walled garden In the Bible, the first humans Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden.

ANCIENT GARDENS Ancient Egyptian gardens were surrounded by walls. The world outside was harsh, dry and too sunny, and the garden needed to be protected from it. Ponds and irrigation ditches were used. Gardens were laid out in a formal, geometric pattern.. Trees such as date palms, figs, and pomegranates provided shade as well as fruit. Gardening was popular in ancient Rome, where topiary was invented Gardening was common in the Muslim world. A common design matched the Garden of Eden: four waterways linked to a central pool divided the garden into quarters.

ANCIENT GARDENS

HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON Constructed about 600 BC by King Nebuchdnezzar to please his homesick wife. She was from Persia, a more fertile and hilly place than the flat land of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). It was one of the Seven Wonders of the World: popular places for tourists from ancient Greece and Rome. Destroyed an earthquake around 100 AD Needed to pump water from the river to the top of the structure.

ENGLISH GARDENS The English garden can also be called a landscape park. It developed in the 1700s as a reaction to the formal French style. It presented an idealized view of the natural world. Lakes, lawns, gently rolling hills, groves of trees, classical Greek temples or scenic (fake) ruins.

CHINESE AND JAPANESE GARDENS Gardening in China is at least as ancient as in Egypt The garden was the living embodiment of a painting or a poem Many plants and objects had symbolic meanings: bamboo is strong and resilient; pine is long- lived and persistent; lotus represents purity Plants were essential elements. Some common garden flowers come from China: chrysanthemum, peony, flowering plum, roses, camellia.

ROSES Rose cultivation probably began in China 5000 years ago or so. The first distilled essential oil was attar of roses (from the Muslim Golden Age, when distillation was invented). Europe and western Asia had their own cultivated roses, which were popular from ancient times.

TULIPS Tulips are native to central Asia, places like Afghanistan and Kazakhistan. They are monocots, in the lily family. They are perennials, storing food over the winter in Bulbs are planted in the fall. Tulips can be grown from seed, but it takes 5-8 years before flowering occurs. And, many varieties are sterile hybrids.

ORCHIDS Orchids may be largest plant family. Monocots: parallel leaf veins and flowers with groups of three. Like tulips, the sepals and petals are similar and so are called tepals. Vanilla is in the orchid family. It is the only useful orchid. Many orchids are epiphytes: Orchid flowers have many shape variation One petal is always enlarged and modified to serve as a landing platform for the pollinators. Orchid seeds are extremely small and are produced in huge quantities..

ORCHID MIMICRY Insect proboscis with several attached pollen masses On the basis of an orchid with A 10 inch nectary, Darwin predicted (correctly) the existence of a moth with a corresponding proboscis Fly orchid. The two yellow eyes are the pollen masses. Bee orchid. Orchid mimic of praying mantis

SOME ORCHIDS

MORE ORCHIDS

MODERN ORNAMENTAL ROSES Cultivated roses from China were introduced into Europe in the 1600s, at about the same time the tulip and other exotic flowers were introduced into Europe by the Dutch. At the time, the Dutch were very powerful in oceanic trade, especially in the spice trade. Rose breeding involves the hybridization of many species and cultivars Napoleons wife, the Empress Josephine, decided to grow every type of rose in existence, in about She gathered many horticulture experts, who did much hybridization and breeding. The first modern rose was La France, developed in It was the first hybrid tea rose Old Garden roses are types that were present in Europe before the development of the hybrid tea rose. La France, the first modern rose.

MODERN ORNAMENTAL PLANTS- PETUNIA

JASMINUM

ROSES

MARIGOLD

SUNFLOWER

HIBISCUS FLOWER

BOUGANVILLEA