2. History of the Horticultural Industry As human culture developed, it found many uses for plants: o Food o Medicine o Clothing Gathers became cultivators approximately 10,000 years ago Ancient Greeks o Used flowers in everyday life and mythology Ancient Egyptians o Flowers indicated presence of a god

3. The Science of Horticulture As a science began in the 18 th century Botanists studied plant: o Classification o Structure o Function o Genetics o Diseases Gardens became associated with churches and monasteries

4. Horticulture in the New World Influenced the establishment of the United States Boston Tea Party – 1773 Tea leaves from a subtropical evergreen tree or shrub Morrill Act Signed by Lincoln Established Land Grant Colleges After WWII bedding plants began to be used Houseplants in the 1970s

5. Classifying Plants Vascular Plants – Ferns, trees, and flowering plants – Tubelike cells in roots, stems, and leaves to carry water Nonvascular plants – Liverworts and mosses – Take up water by osmosis

6. Classification by Reproduction Seedless – such as ferns: – Produce spores Seeded – such as trees and flowering plants – Produce seeds – Angiosperms: Produces seeds in a flower – Gymnosperm: Produces seeds in a cone

7. Classification by Name Common Name – Most often used Binomial Nomenclature – Used by taxonomists – Genus: Group – Species: Individual Example: Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis

8. The Horticultural Tree Agriculture – Science, business, and art of cultivating the soil Agronomy – Study of Field crops Forestry – Maintenance and cultivation of forests Botany – Study of plant life Horticulture – Study of growing fruits, nuts, vegetables, and ornamentals

9. Branches of Horticulture Arboriculture – Trees and shrubs Olericulture – Vegetables Pomology – Fruits and Nuts Ornamental Horticulture

10. Floriculture – Flowers, ornamental plants, and related products Landscaping – Planning and constructing of landscapes Nursery Production – Production, harvesting, and sale of trees and shrubs Turf grass Production – Development of grasses for athletic fields, golf courses, parks, and cemeteries

11. Values of Horticulture Aesthetics/Beautification Increased economic value Continuing Education Health Promotion Leisure opportunities

12. Standard Measures

13. Basic Formulas: Area and Volume Surface Area – Amount of area on the outside, top, bottom, or sides of something Volume – Amount of space inside something

14. Ratios Mix Ratios – Mixing items like soil, fertilizer, and pesticides – Like quantities, i.e. gallons to gallons Slope Ratios – Grade or incline of a physical element like a hill – Horizontal distance vs. Vertical distance