Mechanism of action of the novel immunomodulatory regimen tested in islet transplantation in NOD mice. Mechanism of action of the novel immunomodulatory.

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Mechanism of action of the novel immunomodulatory regimen tested in islet transplantation in NOD mice. Mechanism of action of the novel immunomodulatory regimen tested in islet transplantation in NOD mice. T-cell activation is mediated by APCs made up of B cells and DCs, as depicted. Our strategy is based on the complete blockade of T-cell activation in response to allo- and autoantigens through combining a B-cell–depleting agent (anti-CD22/cal) and CTLA4-Ig, which by blocking the CD28-B7.1 interaction, inhibits DC-mediated T-cell activation. This approach prolongs islet graft survival, induces hyporesponsiveness toward allo- and autoantigens, and tips the balance toward a Th2 anti-inflammatory phenotype of the immune response. (A high-quality color representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)‏ Michele Carvello et al. Diabetes 2012;61:155-165 ©2012 by American Diabetes Association