Mr. Betts 13 Colony Review Not SONG STUDY.COM 13 COLONIES Teacher Review Vd 8 min. Mr. Betts 13 Colony Review Not SONG How much do you remember? Clip Art

Roanoke Jamestown Plymouth Massachusetts Bay Pennsylvania Georgia Location: Southern Colonies New England Colonies Mid-Atlantic Colonies Southern Colonies Purpose For Settlement Economic Venture Religious Reasons Hope for a better future By Whom: Group of Merchant Virginia Company Separatist Pilgrims Puritans William Penn & Quakers John Oglethorpe & Debtors Quick Vd

Settlement Motivations and Patterns New England Settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom Mayflower Compact – first written instrument of government “Covenant Community” – based on religious beliefs (i.e. – a theocracy) Often intolerant of other beliefs Sought economic opportunity – (i.e. – Puritan “work ethic”) Practiced a form of direct democracy in town meetings Middle Colonies Settled by English, Dutch, and Germans Colonists sought religious freedom and economic opportunity Virginia and the Southern Colonies Immigrants sought land and economic opportunity Virginia “Cavaliers” – English nobility who received large land grants Poor English immigrants came as small farmers and artisans Indentured Servants – agreed to work on tobacco plantation or at a trade in exchange for passage to the New World

REVIEW: How did economic political and social life evolve in each of the three regions? New England Colonial Region Southern Colonial Region Middle Mid-Atlantic Colonial Region

COLONIES RESOURCES GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE NEW ENGLAND MID-ATLANTIC Natural (timber, fish, deep harbors) Human (skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers) (subsistence farmers grew just enough to survive) Capital (tools & buildings) Appalachian Mountains Boston harbor, Hilly terrain, rocky soil, jagged coastline Short-growing season Moderate summers/cold winters MID-ATLANTIC Natural (rich farmland, rivers) (Breadbasket colonies—cash crops like wheat, barley and rye) Human (unskilled + skilled, fishermen) Appalachian Mountains, Coastal lowlands, harbors (Philadelphia New York), and bays, wide/deep rivers (Hudson, Delaware & Susquehanna Rivers) which linked the coast with the interior Mild winters; moderate climate SOUTHERN Natural (fertile farmlands, rivers, harbors) Human (farmers, slaves) Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Tidewater –all wide coastal plains; good harbors & rivers Excellent soil; long growing season Humid w/mild winters and hot summers

Geography creates Economics/Business New England Economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering Small-scale subsistence farming Puritan beliefs – value of hard work and thrift – led to prosperous colonies Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware Economy based on shipbuilding, small- scale farming and trade Growth of cities as seaports and commercial centers (New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore) Virginia and the Southern Colonies Economy based on large plantations and slave labor in eastern coastal lowlands Cash crops – tobacco, rice, and indigo Economy based on small-scale farming, hunting and trade further inland Strong belief in private ownership of property and free enterprise

Fishing, Shipbuilding, Naval Supplies, Metal Tools, and equipment COLONIES SPECIALIZATION SOCIAL/POLITICAL NEW ENGLAND Fishing, Shipbuilding, Naval Supplies, Metal Tools, and equipment Villages and churches were centers of life. Religious reformers and separatists; strong Puritan religion Civic Life: Town Meetings MID-ATLANTIC Livestock Grains (wheat, barley, rye) Fish Villages and cities, varied and diverse lifestyles, diverse religions--“melting pot” Port cities: Philly and New York Civic Life: Market Towns SOUTHERN Tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, Forest products (lumber, tar, pitch) Plantations (slavery), mansions, indentured servants, fewer cities, fewer schools, Church of England Close economic ties to England Civic Life: counties

Political and Social Characteristics   The Great Awakening: Affected all Colonies socially. Religious movement (Jonathan Edwards) Goal – spiritual revival and renewal Swept Europe and the colonies in mid-1700s Consequences – growth of evangelical religions (Methodists, Baptists) and challenged the established religious and governmental order Laid the foundations for American Revolution   Virginia and the Southern Colonies Social structure based on family status and land ownership Large landowners – dominated government and society Church of England – dominant religious institution Politics: Stronger ties with Great Britain. Planter aristocracy played a leading role in representative colonial legislatures. New England Colonial society based on religious standing Dissenters – people who challenged Puritan belief Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters Rhode Island – founded by Dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans (Roger Williams) Politics: Town Meetings or “Athenian” direct democracy to operated and make decisions   Middle Colonies Home to multiple religious groups Quakers – Pennsylvania Catholics – Maryland Flexible social structures Middle class – artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners) and small farmers Politics: reflected basic rights of Englishmen

EXAMPLES OF INTERDEPENDENCE COLONIES EXAMPLES OF INTERDEPENDENCE NEW ENGLAND The New England Colonies depended on the Southern Colonies for crops such as tobacco, rice, cotton, and indigo, and for forest products such as lumber, tar, and pitch. They depended on the Mid-Atlantic Colonies for livestock and grains. MID-ATLANTIC The Mid-Atlantic Colonies traded with the Southern and New England Colonies to get the products they did not produce. The Mid-Atlantic colonies depended on the Southern colonies for tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo, and forest products. They traded with the New England Colonies for metal tools and equipment. SOUTHERN The Southern Colonies depended on the New England Colonies for manufactured goods, including metal tools and equipment. They depended on the Mid-Atlantic Colonies for grains and other agricultural products not plentiful in the South.

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