United States Army Combined Arms Center U.S. Army Combined Arms Center – Training Panel 3: Training and Education 2025 - Way Ahead to the Future Mr. Mark Mueller, Moderator 18 June 2014 DRAFT

Training and Education 2025 - Way Ahead to the Future Panel Three Training and Education 2025 - Way Ahead to the Future Panelists will discuss the way ahead for Army Training and Education on; how to make future systems less complex, easier and more intuitive for Soldiers to learn and operate; addressing near to mid-term capability gaps; and capabilities that are needed to take T&E into the third decade (2030). Panel Members Panel Moderator: Mr. Mark Mueller, Director, TSAID, CAC-T Panel Member: Dr. Adria Markowski, TSAID, CAC-T Panel Member: Dr. Pamela Savage-Knepshield, Army Research Lab (ARL) Panel Member: Dr. Brian Crabb, Army Research Institute (ARI) Panel Member: Mr. Steve Edge, TSAID, CAC-T Panel Member: Mr. Wayne Koenig, TSAID, CAC-T Panel Member: Brigade Modernization Command, Ft Bliss 2

Making Army Systems Easier to Learn and Use Dr. Adria Markowski, TSAID, CAC-T Dr. Brian Crabb, ARI, Ft Hood, TX Dr. Pamela Savage-Knepshield, ARL 3

The Problem of Complexity Trainability Overview Agenda PURPOSE: Examine ways for industry to help the Army deliver to Soldiers advanced systems that take less effort to learn, use and sustain The Problem of Complexity Trainability Overview How do we achieve Trainability Criteria to guide us? How can Industry make systems less complex for Soldiers? 4

The Complexity Problem Increasing Capability has also increased Complexity of new Army systems affecting training and operational performance Degrades operational task performance Increases training requirement on units and institutions Increases cognitive load/reduces Soldier training retention Focuses training on “buttonology” instead of operational employment Increases requirements for manpower recruitment/retention Increases contractor support requirement (FSRs) “We continue to place more complexity on the Soldier through technology, when the rest of the world uses technology to reduce complexity “ – BG John Ferrari, HQDA DCS G-8 5

EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF TRAINABILITY Trainability Overview Complex Systems EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF TRAINABILITY Reduction/elimination of contractor support Shorter New Equipment Training Less Institutional Training Focused on Operational Training vs. “buttonology” Less sustainment training Increased Soldier & Leader retention COMMO Weapons Msn Cmd Vehicles Apply Trainability to new system design: System Job Aids Reduce Task Steps Performance Feedback Limit memorization Embed Training Provide “Turbo Tax” type prompting CAC-T ARCIC ARI ARL-HRED Army Centers of Excellence Program Managers Working the Solution Complexity Hidden to Users Use new Training Capability Analysis Program to integrate trainability analysis into new system design Goal: Systems that reduce the training burden on Soldiers, increase collective training time, and allow leaders to focus on the “Operational Art” versus the “Science” of training 6

FOR TASKS PERFORMED WITHOUT A DIGITAL INTERFACE: Trainability Criteria FOR TASKS PERFORMED WITHOUT A DIGITAL INTERFACE: TASK STEPS: 85% (Threshold) to 95% (Objective) of tasks will require less than 10 steps (including substeps) JOB/MEMORY AIDS: 85% (Threshold) to 95% (Objective) of tasks that require 10 or more steps (including substeps) will have job/memory aids that provide written procedures or diagrams to enable operators to perform the tasks without the need for extensive memorization. FEEDBACK: For 85% (Threshold) to 95% (Objective) of tasks that do not use a digital interface, 50% or more of task steps will provide built-in task performance feedback to enhance skill retention. MEMORIZATION: No more than 8 (Threshold) and preferably 3 or less (Objective) discrete facts, terms, names, rules, or ideas will be required to be memorized on any system task. The Trainability Criteria proposed to guide Army capability development are based on ARI Studies (1984 and 2012); Updated to account for emerging PoP results 7

FOR TASKS PERFORMED USING A DIGITAL INTERFACE: Trainability Criteria FOR TASKS PERFORMED USING A DIGITAL INTERFACE: PROMPTING: 70% (Threshold) to 90% (Objective) of system tasks that use a digital interface (on-board computer and screen) will prompt the Soldier through the actions necessary to accomplish the task so that there is little or no need to memorize the task steps. FEEDBACK: 70% (Threshold) to 90% (Objective) of system tasks that use a digital interface will provide immediate performance feedback through automated identification of errors that enable prompted corrective action by the Soldier. TRAINING INTEGRATION: At least 50% (Threshold) and preferably 70% (Objective) of system tasks will have the ability to be trained on the system without the use of external training devices or simulators in order to reduce system training support requirements The Trainability Criteria proposed to guide Army capability development are based on ARI Studies (1984 and 2012); Updated to account for emerging PoP results 8

Industry Contribution Topics for Discussion How can Industry help the Army improve Trainability of new systems? What are some of the obstacles to implementing Trainability? 9

Training and Education Gaps: Solving Near Term Training and Education Gaps: Through Network Integration Evaluation (NIE)/ Agile Process and Army Force 2025 Maneuvers Mr. Steve Edge, Chief of Future Capabilities, TSAID, CAC-T 10

Overview Solving Critical Training and Education (T&E) Gaps: Today Through Network Integration Evaluation (NIE)/Agile Process and Tomorrow Through Army Force 2025 Maneuvers This presentation addresses: Critical T&E Gaps for Industry Focus Near- to Mid-Term Gaps: Network Integration Evaluation (NIE) What is an NIE? NIE (Industry) Process Flow Transition to Force 2025 Maneuvers and potential opportunities for Industry in NIE 15.2 and the FY16 events at Fort Bliss 11

Critical T&E Gaps for Industry Focus Near- to Mid-Term Gaps The Army needs the capability/ability to: Rapidly assess, develop, and distribute training enablers that replicate the evolving, complex Operational Environment to conduct realistic training and leader development at Home Station. Sufficiently replicate all operational environments and enablers to conduct realistic training for Joint, Interagency and Intergovernmental Operations. Assess unit and Soldier training performance data to rapidly adapt/influence the development, refinement, and delivery of products to train the force. “Access or transfer information between two or more security domains” when conducting mission command training across all echelons for units at Home Station. Provide full access to and interoperability between training enablers and repositories in order to manage knowledge and share data. 12

Near- to Mid-Term Gaps: Network Integration Evaluation (NIE) An NIE is an Army-hosted event conducted twice a year. Each event is approximately two- to four-weeks duration; however, all supporting activities leading to and following an NIE typically span 14 – 18 months. Employs a Brigade Combat Team (BCT) primarily located at Fort Bliss, TX and White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), NM. Goal is to conduct systems tests, evaluate new network and non-network capabilities, and emerging in-theater capabilities/concepts. Incorporates tactical exercises using current equipment, emerging networked systems, and other emerging capabilities. 13

Agile - NIE Process Flow Near- to Mid-Term Gaps: Network Integration Evaluation (NIE) Agile - NIE Process Flow Gaps Identified Sources Sought Released (FedBizOpps.Gov) Industry Day Systems Under Evaluation Technical Interchange Meeting (SUE TIM) Candidate Responses Due (White Paper) Decision Point 1 Candidate Selections Bull Pen Decision Point 2 SUT/SUE Lock/ Notifications Horse Blanket Lock SUT & SUE New Equipment Training Data Product Development NIE Final Reports Decision Point 3 Technology Insertion SoSE & I Final Report NIE Recovery & De-Mod 14

Integration in NIE 15.2 and Beyond (Army Force 2025 Maneuvers) Army Force 2025 & Beyond Framework Sketch 2020 2014 2040 2025 Concept Development Exploration/Learning Development Implementation Concept Development Exploration/Learning Development Implementation Development Implementation A synchronized and integrated effort executed under Army Senior Leader governance 5-Year Line of Effort: Home Station Training & Integrated Training Environment Axis Army 2020 NIE 15.2 A globally responsive, regionally engaged force, more capable of decisive action across the ROMO Developments Required in Training & Education: S&T Investments for Human Performance/ Learning Solutions to revolutionize Home Station training Axis Force 2025 (2020-2030) Force 2025 A leaner, more lethal, expeditionary, and agile force than today Beyond 2025 (2030-2040) Fundamentally changed force 15

Integration in NIE 15.2 and Beyond (Army Force 2025 Maneuvers) (Cont.) 15.1 15.2 16.1 16.2 FY17 FY18 FY19 Force 2025 Mnvrs AWA Force 2025 Mnvrs AWA NIE NIE NIE NIE Transition to Force 2025 Maneuvers Objective: Identify & assess innovative training technologies that mitigate gaps in home station training capabilities and unit training management. Opportunities for Industry in NIE 15.2 and FY16 Force 2025 Maneuver Events: NIE 15.2: Provide technology/capability (accredited or with applicable waiver) that creates a Cross Domain Solution (CDS) that enables units training and exchange of information across classification boundaries.  FY16 AWA/CIE: Provide immersive “low-overhead” capabilities/technologies, to include Augmented Reality, for small units (BDE & below) to train at Home Station on the integration of the planning and execution of Joint enablers (such as Joint ISR platforms, CAS, aerial delivery of supplies, etc.) in the Virtual, Constructive or Gaming (V,C, and/or G) environments. Provide units/leaders with the technologies/capabilities to rapidly and accurately incorporate [manage] operational lessons learned and emerging trends within unit training cycles; (plan, prepare, execute, and assess). 16

Integration in NIE 15.2 and Beyond (Army Force 2025 Maneuvers) (Cont.) 15.1 15.2 16.1 16.2 FY17 FY18 FY19 Force 2025 Mnvrs AWA Force 2025 Mnvrs AWA NIE NIE NIE NIE Transition to Force 2025 Maneuvers Possibilities for FY17 AWA/CIE: Provide capabilities that collapse/combine one or more of the virtual, constructive and/or gaming training environments. Provide learner-centric systems that can adapt to the needs of the individual through timing, content, volume, means of delivery, and duration using a centralized training database with active monitoring and available mentoring. Provide virtual human capabilities to represent combatant and non-combatant forces, indigenous populations and culture, and JIIM players across the integrated training environment to replicate the complexities of ULO in any OE. 17

Solving Training and Education Challenges for 2025 & Beyond “Where We Are Going” Mr. Wayne Koenig, TSAID, CAC-T 18

Army T&E Mod Strategy (ATEMS) Leverage S&T for Training & Education Near-term: Leverage NIE as a venue to close high-risk training gaps. Sustain POM resourcing to enable modernization Mid-term: Implement trainability metrics to reduce individual training burden and increase collective training time. Merge CVG-AR enablers to realize a common synthetic environment (CSE). Far-term: Leap ahead training technologies to enable T&E to rapidly, develop, assess, replicate [the OE] and distribute Army training. Near (FY14-20) Mid (FY21-30) Far (FY31+) NIE/Sustainment Evolve the ITE Force 2025 & Beyond Leverage S&T for Training & Education LIVE G V C CSE/Synthetic I Commanders/Leaders T GAMING E VIRTUAL / AR CONSTRUCTIVE ATIS T Learners I PoD I ALM TRAINABILITY Fundamental change to the way we train and educate the Army T&E Modernization Strategy effects: Decrease time required for Soldiers to execute technical training - “Science”. Increase opportunity to execute complex collective training events - “Art”. Increase realism and fidelity in the training environment. Decrease training costs, reduce overhead and develop immersive training capabilities. 19

Training and Education 2030 Vision Future Training and Education environment will: Leverage revolutionary and advanced technologies that seamlessly integrate the training domains, and break down the boundaries between training environments. Be commander driven, malleable, integrated, and operationally supported on effective high-speed networks to deliver collective and individual training and education at the point and time of need. Enable home station mission rehearsal and deployed training using common, easily adaptive tools that allow immediate dial-up or down of mission difficulty. Realistically replicated the Operational Environment with dynamic geography, human cultural and societal complexity, and an adaptive opposing force. Be transparent to users with minimal train-up and no fixed overhead. Enables Soldiers, civilians, leaders, and units in any situation to continuously achieve training overmatch. 20

Training and Education Required Capabilities beyond 2025: T&E 2025 and Beyond Training and Education Required Capabilities beyond 2025: Realistic, Mission Command-Centric Training Environment: Embedded and networked training environment at home station, CTCs, institutions, and while deployed. Commander’s Interface: A self-adapting capability for commanders to interface, develop, view, and manage training events and readiness in real time and to adjusting training conditions and activities. Immersive Synthetic Environment Immersive virtual training systems that fully represent physical aspects of OE and are low overhead and cost effective.    Enhanced/Integrated Live to Synthetic Training Capability: Ability to rapidly develop and conduct synchronized live training, up to brigade level, in conditions that replicate an evolving, complex OE. Accessible Learning Capability: Accessible, responsive, and adaptive learning capability that is available worldwide at the point need. 21

Training and Education Required Capabilities beyond 2025: T&E 2025 and Beyond Training and Education Required Capabilities beyond 2025: Adaptive Training and Education Infrastructure: Responsive and adaptive infrastructure for leader development, unit training, capabilities development, and applications that rapidly and effectively incorporate emerging operational experience and knowledge into training and education in schools, units, and through self-development. Individual Training for Tactical Tasks: Learner-centric systems that can adapt to the needs of the individual through timing, content, volume, means of delivery, and duration using a centralized training database with active monitoring and available mentoring. Virtual Human: Virtual human capabilities to represent combatant and non- combatant forces, indigenous populations and culture, and JIIM players across the integrated training environment to replicate the complexities of Unified Land Operations (ULO) in any OE 22

Mr. Mark Mueller, Director, TSAID, CAC-T Question and Answer Mr. Mark Mueller, Director, TSAID, CAC-T 23