Enrique Pantoja, Victor Endo, Luis Triveño Contracting Out Services for Systematic Registration: Gaining Productivity and Managing Risks Enrique Pantoja, Victor Endo, Luis Triveño “2018 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY” The World Bank - Washington DC, March 20, 2018

Objective and scope Direct implementation or outsourcing? limited capacity No access to technology Systematic registration What conditions should be present for a successful contracting out, Greg Rosenberg’s slide The Center for CLT Innovation is a new program of the Land Alliance, in furtherance of our mission to promote the efficient, inclusive, and sustainable use of land and natural resources. The Center will support community-led development on community-owned land by focusing its work in three areas: (1) maintaining and curating materials about the international CLT movement; (2) cataloging and disseminating academic and non-academic studies that examine the formation and performance of CLTs; and (3) fostering new ways conceptualizing, structuring, and applying the CLT model, with a focus in informal settlements and urban agriculture.” The co-directors of the Center are Emmeus Davis and Greg Rosenberg, with Line Algoed serving as research coordinator. photo:Picture here:from Troy Gardens, a project Greg worked on in Madison, WI What are the potential risks? How managing them? Land Administration projects In LAC Review of land administration projects documentation Interviews to key practitioners,

Land Administration and systematic registration Greg Rosenberg’s slide The Center for CLT Innovation is a new program of the Land Alliance, in furtherance of our mission to promote the efficient, inclusive, and sustainable use of land and natural resources. The Center will support community-led development on community-owned land by focusing its work in three areas: (1) maintaining and curating materials about the international CLT movement; (2) cataloging and disseminating academic and non-academic studies that examine the formation and performance of CLTs; and (3) fostering new ways conceptualizing, structuring, and applying the CLT model, with a focus in informal settlements and urban agriculture.” The co-directors of the Center are Emmeus Davis and Greg Rosenberg, with Line Algoed serving as research coordinator. photo:Picture here:from Troy Gardens, a project Greg worked on in Madison, WI Williamson, et al: 2010 Land tenure is not isolated – need to integrate other land administration activities

Systematic registration – definition Method of bringing all parcels of land in a defined region into the system One single process: Public education Surveying parcels Adjudication of titles Creation of unique parcel number Issuing titles

Systematic Registration Design and preparation Communication and engagement Field work and legal investigation Public display of results (objections) Final determination Systematic Registration Complexity : series of interdependent activities Production of aerial / satellite imagery Identification and delineation of parcel boundaries Link to national geodetic reference frame Production of maps of the parcels Legal framework Institutional arrangements Compilation of existing legal data Compilation of occupation data Restrictions Legal analysis Social awareness and community participation

Arguments in favor of contracting out Why build “muscle” to be used one time?, better focus on maintenance Government should focus on strategic functions Potential cost reduction Private firms more incentives to reduce costs Private firms more flexible Quality ensured by contract Access to technology / new approaches

Cost of contracting out monitoring Cost price Cost determinants: Uncertainty Information asymmetry Task complexity Difficulty for specifying terms Difficulty for monitoring Over dependency Market contestability

Weaknesses identified in projects Legal reforms not stabilized Institutional Coordination Weak in house capabilities Estimation of number of parcels Operation manuals incomplete Weak monitoring Weak contractual remedies Long re-negotiations Walk away too expensive

Lessons / recommendations Contracting out is not panacea Importance of develop / retain in house capabilities Directly implement where firms cannot Expertise to define process / products / quality Outsource Strong in house capacity Direct implementation

Technical capabilities Administrative requirements Lessons / recommendations Technical capabilities Operational Manuals - Survey - Legal -Social Tenure diagnostic # parcels social determinants Supervision (better not outsource control) Administrative requirements Contractual mechanisms Solve conflicts Re-negotiate Walk away Stability to technical staff

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