1. Definition of Project “An organized endeavor aimed at accomplishing a specific non-routine or low-volume task.” Definition of Project Management “The systematic integration of technical, human, and financial resources to achieve goals and objectives.” Badiru

2. Production Systems Mass Production Batch Production
Specific processes, high demand
Special-purpose, high-efficiency equipment
Batch Production
Multiple processes
General-purpose, flexible equipment (FMS)
Complexity in operations planning, scheduling & control
Non-repetitive Projects

3. Production Systems Mass Production Batch Size Batch Systems Projects
Volume

4. Important Factors in Project Mgmt
Technology
Specifications
Performance
Quality
Time
Due dates
Milestones
Cost
Total investment
Required cash flow
Profits
Resource Utilization
Market Acceptance

5. Major Processes in Project Mgmt

6. Relative importance of goals

7. Risk & Uncertainty in Proj. Mgmt.
Uncertainty in Scheduling
Uncertainty in Cost
Uncertainty in Technology
Other Uncertainties:
Organizational
Political

8. Risk & Uncertainty in Proj. Mgmt.
Parkinson’s Law
Work expands to fill the available time or space.
Peter’s Law
People rise to the level of their incompetence.
Murphy’s Law
Whatever can go wrong will.

9. Laws of Project Management
1. No major project is ever installed on time, within budget, or with the same staff that started it. Yours will not be the first.
2. Projects progress quickly until they become 90% complete, then they remain at 90% complete forever.
3. One advantage of fuzzy project objectives is that they let you avoid the embarrassment of estimating the corresponding costs.

10. Laws of Project Management
4. When things are going well, something will go wrong.
When things just cannot get any worse, they will.
When things appear to be going better, you have overlooked something.
5. If project content is allowed to change freely, the rate of change will exceed the rate of progress.

11. Laws of Project Management
6. No system is ever completely debugged. Attempts to debug a system inevitably introduce new bugs that are even harder to find.
7. A carelessly planned project will take three times longer to complete than expected; a carefully planned project will take only twice as long.
8. Project teams detest progress reporting because it vividly manifests their lack of progress.

12. Phases of Project 1. Conceptual design 2. Advanced development
(or Preliminary system design)
3. Detailed design
4. Production
5. Termination

13. Project Life Cycle Project Cost $ Money committed Money spent
Conceptual
design
Advanced
development
Detailed
design
Production
Termination

14. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
A document that divides the project into major hardware, software, data, and service elements.
These elements are further divided and a list is produced identifying all tasks that must be accomplished to complete the project.
WBS helps define the work to be performed and provides a framework for planning, budgeting, monitoring, and control.

15. Organizations of Project Mgmt
1. Functional organization
2. Project coordinator
3. Matrix organization
4. Project team
5. Projectized organization

16. Basic Functions of Project Manager
Scheduling, budgeting, resource allocation, resource management, human relations, negotiation.
(Project Management Institute)
1. Manage project’s scope
2. Manage human resources
3. Manage communications
4. Manage time
5. Manage quality
6. Manage costs

17. Important Skills of Project Manager
Technical skills (scope of project)
Leadership skills (goals, performance measures)
Scheduling & Time management skills
Budgeting & cost skills
Resource mgmt, human relationship skills
Communication skills
Negotiating skills
Marketing, contracting, customer relationship skills

18. Major Interactions of Project Participants
Top management
Consultants
Government agencies
Functional managers
Client
Project manager
Project
team
Subcontractors
Other organizations

19. Major Components of a Project 1
Major Components of a Project 1. Project initiation, selection, & definition
Identification of needs (QFD, market research)
Development of technological alternatives
Evaluation of alternatives
Selection of the “most promising” alternatives
Estimation of life-cycle cost
Assessment of risk
Development of configuration baseline
“Selling” the configuration

20. Major Components of a Project 2. Project organization
Selection of participating organizations
Structuring work content into WBS
Development of project organizational breakdown structure (OBS) and associated communication and reporting facilities
Allocation of WBS elements to participating organizations

21. Major Components of a Project 3. Analysis of activities
Definition of the project’s major tasks
Development of a list activities
Development of precedence relations
Development of a network model
Development of high-level network elements
Development of milestones
Updating of network and its elements

22. Major Components of a Project 4. Project scheduling
Definition of a calendar
Estimation of activity durations
Estimation of activity performance dates
Monitoring actual progress and milestones
Updating the schedule

23. Major Components of a Project 5. Resource management
Definition of resource requirements
Acquisition of resources
Allocation of resources
Monitoring actual resource use and cost

24. Major Components of a Project 6. Technological management
Development of a configuration management plan
Identification of technological risks
Configuration control
Risk management and control
Total quality management

25. Major Components of a Project 7. Project budgeting
Estimation of direct and indirect costs
Development of a cash flow forecast
Development of a budget
Monitoring actual cost

26. Major Components of a Project 8. Project execution and control
Development of data collection systems
Development of data analysis systems
Execution of activities
Data collection & analysis
Detection of deviation in cost, configuration, schedule, and quality
Development of corrective plans
Implementation of corrective plans
Forecasting of project cost and completion date

27. Major Components of a Project 9. Project termination
Evaluation of project success
Recommendation for improvements in project management practices
Analysis and storage of information on actual cost, actual duration, actual performance, and configuration

28. Project Life Cycle Resources & effort Conceptual Design Goals Scope
Baseline
Requirements
Feasibility
Desirability
Advanced
Development
Plan
Budget
Schedule
Bid proposal
Management
commitment
Detailed
Design
Responsibility
Team
OBS
Detailed plan
Kickoff
Production
Manage
Measure
Control
Update
Replan
Problem
solving
Termination
Closeout
Document
Suggestions
Transit
Reassign
Dissolve team

29. Strategic & Tactical Issues 1. Conceptual design phase
Selection of projects
Expected cost, profitability, risk
Technological aspects: Availability, maturity
Environmental factors

30. Strategic & Tactical Issues 2. Advanced development phase
Organizational structure
Lines of communication and procedure
Environmental factors

31. Strategic & Tactical Issues 3. Detailed design phase
Product and process design
Final performance requirements
Detailed WBS
Scheduling
Cost and resource management
Detailed contingency plan
Budgets
Expected cash flows

32. Strategic & Tactical Issues 4. Production phase
Top management support
Flow of communications

33. Strategic & Tactical Issues 5. Termination phase
Lessons learned
6. Termination phase
Long-term relationship with customers

34. Factors Affecting Success of a Project
1. Project mission & goals
2. Top management support
3. Project planning
4. Client consultation
5. Personnel issues
6. Technical issues
7. Client acceptance
8. Project Control
9. Communication
10. Trouble shooting