1. Pastoralism and land tenure security: Lessons from IFAD-supported projects
Steven Jonckheere
Knowledge Management Officer
2017 World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, World Bank, Washington DC, March

2. Issues and challenges for securing pastoral governance of tenure
Pastoralism and rangelands
Extensive livestock production
Rangeland ecosystems
People, livestock and land
Land use in rangelands
Fodder and water
Flexibility and reciprocity
Mobility
Customary land tenure
Challenges
Relationships between states and pastoralist
Managing conflicting interests
Participation mechanisms
Specific legal requirements
Integrated land-use planning

3. IFAD’s engagement in improving the governance of pastoral lands
Specialised UN agency
Strategic Framework
Principles for engagement
Alignment
Do-no-harm
diversity of tenure systems
Empowerment
Gender
Production services and market linkages
Between 2003 and 2015
29 projects for US$ 497 million
Strengthening institutions
Promoting sustainable NRM
Avoiding and managing conflict
Developing policy and legal frameworks

4. Strengthening institutions
Mongolia
Senegal
Context
Transition to private livestock ownership
Expansion of irrigated cultivation and recurrent drought
Approach
Pasture herder groups
Responsible managing their common pasture unit
Community-based pasture management plans
Common interest herder groups
Pastoral units
Resource management units following a borehole
2 principles: resource management & empowering communities
Results
120 PHG
Inclusive and sustainable community-based pasture management
22 PU
Reduced number of conflicts
Sustainable NRM
Mobilisation of partnerships

5. Promoting sustainable natural resource management
Lesotho
Tajikistan
Context
Degradation of the natural grazing lands
Growing number of livestock, emergence of commercial livestock farmers and further deterioration of natural pastures
Approach
Climate-smart participatory rangeland management
Delineating grazing areas
Establishing stocking rates
Developing grazing plans
Climate-resilient community livestock and pasture management
Pasture user unions
Community livestock and pasture management plans
Results
Strengthening decision-making
Reducing gully erosion
ha of pastures managed by 203 PUUs
Pasture rotation

6. Avoiding and managing conflict
Tanzania
Chad
Context
Increased population pressures & diversification of land use patterns
Access to increasingly scarce natural resources has generated fierce competition
Approach
Joint village land use planning and land certification
Participatory rangeland mapping
Certificate of customary right of occupancy
Collaborative management of pastoral resources
water point management committees
Pond surveillance committees
Livestock corridor management committees
Results
Protection and certification of a shared grazing area
Scaling up
Reduced conflict risk
“Social capital"

7. Developing policy and legal frameworks
Kyrgystan
Context
Grazing concentrated to local pastures year-round
Approach
Supporting the implementation of the Pasture Law
Support legal and regulatory reforms
Capacity-building of the PUUs
Results
2009 Pasture law
Pasture management improvement
Grants
Minimum Standards for Sustainable Pastoral Development (2012)
Special Session of the Farmers’ Forum with Pastoralists and Livestock Breeders (2016)
Global gathering of women pastoralists (2010)

8. Conclusion Respect for pastoral system & three pillars: Farmers’ Forum
Resources (water, land)
Societal (families, chiefdoms, institutions)
Economic (livestock)
Farmers’ Forum
Continue to implement policy on improving access to land and tenure security with specific attention to the security and tenure of pastoralist communal land and the governance of natural resources
Particular attention should be devoted to cross border movement, mobility and conflict in these areas
Land tenure security is necessary, but it is not sufficient for sustainable rural poverty reduction