Chapter 10 – Adolescence: Psychosocial Development

Agenda Identity Relationships Mental Health Drug Use

Identity Identity versus Role Confusion: “Who am I?” Identity: Identity achievement:

Slice your pie for identities What do the pieces look like? © 2009 Allyn & Bacon Publishers Identity Pie List your identities Slice your pie for identities What do the pieces look like? What type of pieces do you have? Compare with neighbor.

Identity= a sense of self continuation Role confusion results from the inability to have an integrated view of self Theory of Identity Achievement Crisis Commitment

Marcia’s Theory of Identity Achievement Identity Statuses Identity Achievement Moratorium Foreclosure Identity Diffusion Quest for personal identity can continue through the lifespan Identity achievement – both crisis and commitment have been processed. Moratorium – currently experiencing crisis but no commitment has been made. Foreclosure – commitment without crisis; accepted parental or culturally defined commitment. Identity Diffusion – no crisis or commitment. The quest for personal identity continues throughout the lifespan with alternating periods of instability and stability.

Figure 12.1 Marcia’s Identity Statuses © 2009 Allyn & Bacon Publishers

Four Areas of Identity Achievement Religious Identity Gender Identity Political/Ethnic Identity Vocational identity

Relationships in Adolescence Family Conflict Closeness Parental Monitoring Peer Cliques Crowds Support Facilitation Romantic Sexual Orientation Relationship Development In general Cross gender Same gender

Sex Education Learning Parents School Characteristics of effective programs begin before high school include assignments that require parent–child communication focus on behavior (not just on conveying information) provide medical referrals on request last for years

Mental Health Depression Suicide Ideation Misconceptions At risk for completing suicides Gender differences

Drug Use and Abuse VARIATIONS AMONG ADOLESCENTS Age Differences Drug use becomes widespread from age 10 to 25 and then decreases Drug use before age 18 is the best predictor of later drug use National Differences Nations have markedly different rates of adolescent drug use, even nations with common boundaries. These variations are partly due to differing laws the world over.

Drug Use and Abuse Cohort Differences Gender differences Harm from drugs Tobacco Alcohol Marijuana Prevention