Agenda – Day 4 CHECK YOURSELF! Are you in YOUR seat? To Get: Guided notes Your seat To Do: Opener – finish and discuss final scenes of Secret Window Mood Disorders Viewing Examples Agenda – Day 4 CHECK YOURSELF! Are you in YOUR seat? Is your hood/hat/wave cap/headphones OFF your head? Where is your badge? Big Idea – Identifying, Symptoms, and Classifying Mood Disorders Guiding Question – How is major depression diagnosed? I can… Understand causes and symptoms of mood disorders and explanations for why they exist.

Opener – Secret Window post-viewing questions 1. When does it become apparent that Mort is experiencing DID? 2. How does his controlling personality change once all personalities become aware of each other? 3. What was actually happening when Mort was “sleeping” all the time? 4. Overall, this movie IS NOT characteristic of someone with DID because only a small percentage of people with DID exhibit what behavior shown in the film?

Mood Disorders All people experience mood changes as a natural response to events that occur in their lives Disorders occur when people experience mood changes that seem inappropriate for or inconsistent with the situations to which they are responding. Ex. – being sad when things are going well Ex. – being elated for no apparent reason Two General Categories Depression – feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, and great sadness Bipolar Disorder – involves a cycle of mood changes from depression to wild elation and back again.

Types of Mood Disorders 1. Persistent depressed mood for most of the day 2. Loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities 3. Significant weight loss or gain due to changes in appetite 4. Sleeping more or less than usual 5. Speeding up or slowing down of physical and emotional reactions 6.Fatigue or loss of energy 7.Feelings of worthlessness or unfounded guilt 8.Reduced ability to concentrate or make meaningful decisions 9. Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide Types of Mood Disorders Major Depression Most common of ALL psychological disorders Predicted 100 million people worldwide suffer from depression Diagnosis requires meeting 5 of the 9 criteria At least one of the first two symptoms must be present Symptoms must be present for at least two weeks and occur nearly everyday Severe depression calls for immediate treatment 15% of those with severe depression eventually commit suicide

Types of Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder Formerly manic depression Characterized by dramatic ups and downs Mania – extreme excitement with hyperactivity and chaotic behavior; can change to depression very quickly and for no apparent reason Mood during the manic phase is persistently and abnormally elevated Inflated self-esteem Inability to sit still or sleep restfully Pressure to keep talking and switching from topic to topic Racing thoughts (referred to as “flight of ideas”) Difficulty concentrating May appear highly excited and act silly or argumentative Severe cases may include delusions about their own superior abilities or others being jealous of them Impulsive behaviors; ex. shopping sprees, quitting jobs, foolish investments Manic phases are extremely disruptive to a person’s life

Explaining Mood Disorders – Psychological Views Psychoanalytic some are prone to depression because they suffered real or imagined loss of a loved object or person in childhood Child feels anger toward object or person Child internalizes it and directs toward him/her self creating feelings of guilt and loss of self-esteem leading to depression

Explaining Mood Disorders – Psychological Views Learning Theorists Learned helplessness makes people prone to depression -These people have learned, through experience, to believe that previous events in their lives were out of their control and they expect that future events will be out of their control as well. Cognitive Theorists -People are prone to depression because of their habitual style of explaining life events -People assign different types of explanations to most events: - internal or external -stable or unstable -global or specific These styles relate to expectancy – what people expect based on prior experiences.

Cognitive Theory Matching A first date, that did not go well… A. Specific explanation, suggests problem is small enough to be manageable. B. Unstable explanation, suggests problem is temporary. C. Internal explanation, places blame on self. D. Stable explanation, suggest problem cannot be changed. E. Global explanation, suggests problem is too large to deal with. F. External explanation, places the blame elsewhere. 1. “I really messed up.” 2. “Some people just don’t get along” 3. “It’s my personality.” 4. “It was my head cold.” 5. “I have no idea what to do when I’m with other people.” 6. “I have difficulty making small talk.”

Cognitive Theory Matching – A date, that did not go well… A. Specific explanation, suggests problem is small enough to be manageable. B. Unstable explanation, suggests problem is temporary. C. Internal explanation, places blame on self. D. Stable explanation, suggest problem cannot be changed. E. Global explanation, suggests problem is too large to deal with. F. External explanation, places the blame elsewhere. 1. “I really messed up.” 2. “Some people just don’t get along” 3. “It’s my personality.” 4. “It was my head cold.” 5. “I have no idea what to do when I’m with other people.” 6. “I have difficulty making small talk.”

Explaining Mood Disorders – Psychological Views People who are depressed are more likely than other people to explain their failures on internal, stable, and global causes – causes they feel helpless to change “I really messed up.” - Internal explanation, places blame on self. “It’s my personality.” - Stable explanation, suggest problem cannot be changed. “I have no idea what to do when I’m with other people.” - Global explanation, suggests problem is too large to deal with.

Explaining Mood Disorders – Biological Views Like anxiety disorders, mood disorders tend to occur more often in the close relatives of affected individuals than they do in the general population. -20-25% of people with mood disorders have a family member who is affected by a similar disorder -twin studies suggest a strong genetic basis for mood disorders in general -Two neurotransmitters, serotonin and noradrenaline both play a role in mood regulation -Low levels of serotonin may create a tendency toward mood disorders -Low levels of serotonin in combination with deficiencies of noradrenaline, may be linked to depression specifically.

Explaining Mood Disorders – Biological and Psychological Factors -Many cases of depression reflect the interaction of biological factors and psychological factors. -Neurotransmitter levels paired with factors such as learned helplessness -Dog example: subjects with learned helplessness showed less noradrenaline activity in their brains -Creates a cycle of biological and psychological influences on depression