Section 2-3: energy Essential Question Is energy used or made in photosynthesis? Is energy used or made during cellular respiration? Key-terms: Photosynthesis, chloroplast, sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, glucose, ATP, Cellular Respiration, food, mitochondria Learning Target Use the chemical equation for cellular respiration to explain how energy stored in food molecules provides energy to the cell. Section 2-3: energy

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SUNLIGHT IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIFE ON EARTH

ALL ENERGY comes from the ____ . sun sun

There are 3 types of energy: Heat _______ Chemical Light light

Food stores _________ energy chemical chemical

energy Food is not a usable form of ___________ energy in cells It must be converted to a usable form chemical

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ATP Food is changed into Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP): chemical fuel that powers cell’s activities

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate 3 phosphates

ATP ADP = Adenosine DiphosPhate 2 phosphates instead of 3

ATP ATP  ADP Terminal phosphate bond is broken Energy is released

ATP ADP  ATP Phosphate added to ADP Energy is stored

ATP Energy released from ATP is used to… Power active transport Power the sodium- potassium pump Power movement of organelles within the cell ATP

ATP Cells store small amounts of ATP because it is inefficient for storing energy

Energy from carbohydrates used to make ATP from ADP as needed

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When you exercise, ATP stored in muscles is used first. Cellular respiration When you exercise, ATP stored in muscles is used first.

Cellular respiration lactic acid fermentation Muscles low on O 2 begin producing ATP through _______ ___ _____________ . lactic acid fermentation

Lactic acid is eliminated by heavy breathing (taking in more O 2 ). Cellular respiration Lactic acid is eliminated by heavy breathing (taking in more O 2 ).

Electron Transport Chain Cellular respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Cellular respiration can produce ATP for exercise lasting about 30 minutes.

What is cellular respiration’s primary goal? To make energy. But it also produces carbon dioxide & water.

Cellular Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

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photosynthesis Plants are producers that use photosynthesis to make their own ______ . food food

as reactants for photosynthesis. Plants need ____ & ____ as reactants for photosynthesis. H 2 O CO 2 Water & carbon dioxide

These reactants come from ___ ______ . photosynthesis These reactants come from ___ ______ . Cellular respiration Cellular Respiration

What is photosynthesis’ primary goal? To make glucose (food) for plants. But it also produces oxygen!

carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen light 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen

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Compare and contrast Photosynthesis Respiration Energy storage Function Energy storage Energy release Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria Reactants CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2 Products Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 602 C6H12O6 + 602 6CO2+ 6H2O

Compare and contrast

Do now activity #5 Define ATP. What is the difference between ADP and ATP? Write down the photosynthesis equation. Write down the cellular respiration equation.