A Presentation on Drinking and Driving Name: Raju Bhele Roll no: 017-1221

Contents of presentation Introduction. Blood Alcohol concentration. Drinking and driving accident data. Campaign against drinking and driving in Nepal. Outcomes of campaign in Nepal Conclusion.

Introduction Consumption of alcohol to celebrate any occasion is common. But when mixed with driving it turns celebration into a misfortune. Any amount of alcohol in your bloodstream can impact your driving ability Slow reaction time Lack of coordination Reduce concentration Decrease vision Poor judgment

RTA due to drinking and driving Fatality rates of RTA as per the World Health Organization (WHO) for eastern Europe and central Asia is 18.2%, Europe 16.7% and the America12.9%. Meanwhile, Africa 8%, Asia Pacific 7.3% and the Middle East 2.4% In most countries, men are twice as likely to be involved in fatal, alcohol- induced road accidents as women. Young drivers aged between 21 and 24 are more frequently involved in accidents caused by drink-driving Source: WHO, 2014

Comparison of alcohol related fatal traffic accidents per region (in percentage) Proportion of road accident victims attributed to alcohol Proportion of male road accident victims attributed to alcohol Proportion of female road accident victims attributed to alcohol Africa 8 13 3 America 12.9 19.6 6.2 Middle East 2.4 4.2 0.7 Western Europe and EU 16.7 21.9 11.6 Eastern Europe and central Asia 18.2 23.4 Asia Pacific 7.3 1.8 Source: WHO, 2014

Blood alcohol concentration. BAC Level Effects 0.02 - 0.03% No loss of coordination 0.04 - 0.06% Feeling of well being, relaxation, lowering of caution 0.07 - 0.09% Judgment and self-control are reduced 0.10 - 0.125% Blurred vision and major loss of balance 0.16 - 0.20% Drinker has appearance of a sloppy drunk 0.25%  Total mental confusion, some vomiting 0.30% Loss of consciousness 0.40% and up Possible death due to respiratory arrest Sources: Adapted from Drug Use in America Society, 2nd ed., 1988 by William J. Bailey (Minneapolis)

Blood Alcohol concentration. Drinking and driving increases both the risk of a crash and death or serious injury will result. The risk of involvement in a crash increases significantly above blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels of 0.04 g/dl. 88 countries have drink-driving laws based on a blood alcohol concentration limits that is equal to or less than 0.05 g/dl as recommended in the World report on road traffic injury prevention. While most countries (86%) in the European region have BAC laws. In other regions either do not have BAC limits or have limits that are above 0.05g/dl. In Nepal there is a zero tolerance policy, which means that any hint of alcohol in your breath and the police will arrest.

Drinking and driving accident data in Nepal. Year Total numbers of accidents Drinking and driving 2007/08 4637 461 2008/09 5519 434 2009/10 7277 504 2011/12 8892 240

Campaign against drinking and driving in Nepal. Before Campaign Easy access to alcoholic drinks Drink Drive habit was very common in drivers Recklessness because of drinking alcohol One of the major causes of RTA, identified as Drink and Drive Loss of lives and Properties(Damage Vehicles). Source: Metropolitan Traffic Police Division, Kathmandu, Nepal

Need of campaign against drinking and driving LEGAL ASPECT Vehicle And Transport Management Act 2049 Article 142 : Driving under influence of alcohol is prohibited. Article 164 (j) : Transport Inspector can fine Rs. 25, 50-100, 200 for drink and drive. Article 170 the Department has delegated Authority to the Traffic Police to fine Rs. 1000. Source: Metropolitan Traffic Police Division, Kathmandu, Nepal To reduce drink and driving tendency To promote safety driving To reduce the RTAs and it’s impact

Details of Campaign Campaign (“ANTI DRINK AND DRIVE’’ ) was Started from 2011-12-03. License Punching Started From 2012-12-07. Drivers of Public Transport vehicles are taken in custody and charged under “Public Offence Act.” Traffic Police is conducting Awareness Campaigns/classes for Drink & Drive.

Outcomes of The Campaign Road Traffic Accidents due to drink drive are declined. Positive Response by Societies/social harmony. Level of awareness is increasing Drink drive trend is decreasing.

Outcomes of The Campaign

Conclusions Anti Drink and Drive campaign is obviously reducing the accident rates effectively. Although public attitude is harder to change, but the campaign is most appreciated. Awareness Campaigns are being less prioritized by the stake holders . The lower limit of alcohol is not determined Very less fine amount/No imprisonment punishment. Lack of breath analyzers with printer. Lack of database access.

The driver is safer when the roads are dry; the roads are safer when the driver is dry

Thank you.