The Protein-making Process

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Presentation transcript:

The Protein-making Process Protein Synthesis The Protein-making Process

RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies DNA’s code & carries the genetic information to the ribosomes Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

Proteins make up all living materials

Proteins are composed of amino acids – there are 20 different amino acids Different proteins are made by combining these 20 amino acids in different combinations

Proteins are made by the ribosomes

Making Proteins Step 1: Transcription

Making a Protein—Transcription First Step: Copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA called Transcription Part of DNA temporarily unzips and is used as a template to assemble matching nucleotides into messenger RNA (mRNA).

DNA- ATTGCGTAAGGCTCGAT RNA- Match the DNA-RNA DNA- ATTGCGTAAGGCTCGAT RNA-

mRNA then goes through the pores of the nucleus with the DNA code and attaches to the ribosome.

Making Proteins Step 2: Translation

Making a Protein—Translation Second Step: Translation- Decoding of mRNA into a protein Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.

These amino acids come from the food we eat These amino acids come from the food we eat. Proteins we eat are broken down into individual amino acids and then simply rearranged into new proteins according to the needs and directions of our DNA.

A series of three bases in a row in mRNA codes for a specific amino acid—called a codon. Each tRNA has 3 nucleotides that match the codon in mRNA. Each tRNA codes for a different amino acid. Amino acid Anticodon

mRNA carrying the DNA instructions and tRNA carrying amino acids meet in the ribosomes.

Amino acids are joined together to make a protein. Polypeptide = Protein

AUG/AAC/GAC/UAA ___________/___________/___________/____________ Methionine Asparagine Aspartic Acid Stop

Protein Synthesis

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