Introduction to Heredity Vocabulary
Heredity-
Heredity- Characteristics and genes that are passed down from one generation to the next
Heredity- Characteristics and genes that are passed down from one generation to the next Genetics-
Heredity- Characteristics and genes that are passed down from one generation to the next Genetics- The scientific study of heredity
Heredity- Characteristics and genes that are passed down from one generation to the next Genetics- The scientific study of heredity Gene-
Heredity- Characteristics and genes that are passed down from one generation to the next Genetics- The scientific study of heredity Gene- Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Heredity- Characteristics and genes that are passed down from one generation to the next Genetics- The scientific study of heredity Gene- Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait Example: Leaf Color
Allele-
Allele- One of a number of different forms of a gene
Allele- One of a number of different forms of a gene Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves
Allele- One of a number of different forms of a gene Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves Dominant Allele-
Allele- One of a number of different forms of a gene Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves Dominant Allele- a trait that will always be expressed if it is present
Allele- One of a number of different forms of a gene Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves Dominant Allele- a trait that will always be expressed if it is present Recessive Allele-
Allele- One of a number of different forms of a gene Example: Green Leaves or Yellow Leaves Dominant Allele- a trait that will always be expressed if it is present Recessive Allele-a trait that will only be expressed if the dominant allele is NOT present
Using symbols to represent alleles: All the alleles of a gene are usually represented by the same letter. Dominant allele is represented by the capital letter. Example: Green Leaves = G Recessive allele is represented by the lower case letter. Example: Yellow Leaves= g
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father.
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex.
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG Received a dominant allele from both parents
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG Received a dominant allele from both parents Can be homozygous recessive ex.
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG Received a dominant allele from both parents Can be homozygous recessive ex. gg
Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene Key Idea: Diploid organisms have two alleles for each gene. One allele, or a copy of a gene, came from the organism’s mother. The other allele came from the organism’s father. Homozygous-Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait Can be homozygous dominant ex. GG Received a dominant allele from both parents Can be homozygous recessive ex. gg Received a recessive allele from both parents
Heterozygous-
Heterozygous- Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait
Heterozygous- Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait Ex.
Heterozygous- Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait Ex. Gg
Heterozygous- Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait Ex. Gg received a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other
Heterozygous- Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait Ex. Gg received a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other dominant allele is always listed first
Genotype-
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: , , or
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, , or
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype-
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: due to and genotypes
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to and genotypes
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and genotypes
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and Gg genotypes
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and Gg genotypes Recessive Phenotype: due to genotype
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and Gg genotypes Recessive Phenotype: Yellow leaves due to genotype
Genotype- The genetic makeup of an organism With leaf color, as with any gene with 2 alleles, there are 3 possible genotypes: GG, Gg , or gg Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an individual Dominant Phenotype: Green leaves due to GG and Gg genotypes Recessive Phenotype: Yellow leaves due to gg genotype
Autosomal Gene –
Autosomal Gene – a gene that is found on an autosome, or non-sex chromosome
Autosomal Gene – a gene that is found on an autosome, or non-sex chromosome Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b
Autosomal Gene – a gene that is found on an autosome, or non-sex chromosome Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b Sex Linked Gene-
Autosomal Gene – a gene that is found on an autosome, or non-sex chromosome Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b Sex Linked Gene- a gene that is found on a sex chromosome, most often the X chromosome
Autosomal Gene – a gene that is found on an autosome, or non-sex chromosome Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b Sex Linked Gene- a gene that is found on a sex chromosome, most often the X chromosome EX: Not Color Blind, XB, and Color Blind Xb
Autosomal Gene – a gene that is found on an autosome, or non-sex chromosome Ex. Brown Hair, B, and Blond Hair, b Sex Linked Gene- a gene that is found on a sex chromosome, most often the X chromosome EX: Not Color Blind, XB, and Color Blind Xb The vast majority of genes are on autosomal chromosomes, while very few genes are located on the X-chromosome. A problem will inform you if the gene is on the X-chromosome.