1. Vocab for understanding
Mendel

2. Trait: Specific characteristic (seed color, plant height)
Generally controlled by 2 alleles of a gene

3. Gene:
Factors that determine traits (Sections of DNA)

5. Allele
Different forms of a gene

6. Genotype:
Combination of alleles inherited from parents

7. Phenotype:
Physical appearance of the genotype (adjective)
Ex/ purple petals, white petals, freckles, blonde hair, brown hair, dimples

8. Genotypes and Phenotypes can be found by determining the alleles that were passed down from the parents

9. Represented by a capital letter
Dominant Allele:
Produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have at least one copy of the dominant allele
Represented by a capital letter
P = purple petal color

10. Represented by a lowercase letter
Recessive Allele
For a recessive allele to produce a recessive phenotype, the individual must have TWO copies of the recessive allele
Represented by a lowercase letter
p = white petal color

11. Heterozygous:
Organisms that have two DIFFERENT alleles for the same trait (hybrid)
The presence of the dominant allele will produce the dominant phenotype

12. Homozygous:
Organisms that have two IDENTICAL alleles for a particular trait (purebred)
The phenotype will be determined by whether they have two dominant alleles or two recessive alleles

13. Following traits through generations:
P : Parent generation
F1: 1st filial (1st set of offspring from parents)
F2: 2nd filial (offspring of second generation)

14. Punnett Square:
Grid that shows probable outcome of a genetic cross (fertilization)