2. What is Genetics? Genetics: Study of heredity
Heredity: passing of traits from parent to child
Patterns of relatedness can help predict offspring characteristics
Autosomal recessive & dominance
Sex-Linked
Incomplete dominance
Codominance

4. Famous for pea plant studies Mendel studied seven pea plant traits
Gregor Mendel
“Father of Genetics”
Famous for pea plant studies
Mendel studied seven pea plant traits
Color, shape, texture, height, etc…
Results shaped our understanding of genetics

6. P Generation
F1 Generation
100% purple

7. Gone Forever?

8. F1 Generation
F2 Generation
3 purple: 1 white ratio
75% purple

10. Mendel's Conclusions Organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene
1 from each parent inside the gametes
1 form of a gene may prevent the expression of the other

11. Chromosomes and Genes Genes are located on chromosomes
Traits are determined by the genes we possess (from mom and dad)
Allele: Alternative forms of a gene
Letters used to abbreviate alleles
Dominant Allele = Capital letter
Recessive Allele = Lowercase letter
Dominant alleles hide recessive alleles

12. Common Definitions Phenotype: Actual appearance of a gene
Ex: Purple flowers
Genotype: Genetic makeup of an organism
Ex: 2 dominant alleles (PP)
Genotype determines phenotype

13. Common Definitions Homozygous: Combination of two same alleles
PP (homozygous dominant)
pp (homozygous recessive)
Heterozygous: Combination of 2 different alleles
one dominant; one recessive allele
Pp (heterozygous dominant)

15. Quick Review Mendel started work in genetics by studying peas
Each trait is determined by two alleles (one from each parent)
Dominant alleles hide recessive alleles