Classification

The 5 Kingdoms Monera – Bacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Autotrophic and heterotrophic Some move, some don’t Cell wall – present Mostly asexual

The 5 Kingdoms Protista Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular Both autotrophic and heterotrophic Some move, some don’t Cell wall found only in algae Both sexual and asexual

The 5 Kingdoms Fungi Eukaryotic Multicellular (yeast is unicellular) Heterotrophic No movement Cell wall present Both sexual and asexual

The 5 Kingdoms Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic No movement Cell wall present Both sexual and asexual

The 5 Kingdoms Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic They all move at some point in lifetime No cell wall Mostly sexual (with a few asexual)

The Basics of Classification What has led to such a diversity of life on Earth in the past 3.5 billion years? Evolution and Natural Selection What is a species? A population of organisms that share similar characteristics and can breed and produce fertile offspring 1.5 million species have been classified However, 2-100 million are still to be discovered

Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner. Taxonomy: scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name

Assigning Scientific Names Binomial nomenclature: 2 word naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus Rules: Must either be italicized (when typed) or underlined (when handwritten) 1st letter of the 1st word is always capitalized 2nd word is always lowercase homo sapien = Homo sapien or Homo sapien 1st word is the genus, 2nd word is the species Organisms that are closely related will likely be in the same genus, but not in the same species. Grizzly Bear – Ursus arctos Polar Bear – Ursus maritimus

Linnaeus’ Taxonomy 7 levels of classification Each level is called a taxon Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Dichotomous Keys Key used for classification of a specimen You are given a picture or specimen that needs to be classified Use a dichotomous key which is a series of steps that contain different characteristics Follow the steps until a species name is reached!