1. Biodiversity
Biodiversity: The variety of life on Earth; considered at all levels, from populations to ecosystems.
How many species are there?
About 8.7 million (± 1.3 million) as of 2011
Only ~2 million described and named
Thousands of species (mostly insects) discovered each year.

2. Classification
Taxonomy is the study of describing, naming, and classifying organisms; arranging them based on similarities.
Carl Linnaeus (Swedish biologist; )
First to develop a formal classification system for organisms; grouped similar organisms together.
Binomial nomenclature; still used today
Binomial nomenclature
Two-word, descriptive name for species
Genus and species names derived from Latin
Names are italicized or underlined in print.
E.g.) Giant Panda: Ailuropoda melanoleuca (“Cat foot”)
Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus (Ursus is latin for bear)
Grizzly Bear: Ursus arctos

3. Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kings
Play
Chess On
Fine
Green
Silk
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

5. Humans vs Orangutan

6. Domain Eukaryote- Multicellular organisms containing a nucleus and DNA
Prokaryote- Single Celled organism with no nucleus (Archae, Bacteria)
Three domains:
Archaea and (2) Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)
(3) Eukarya are more complex; have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

7. Three-Domain System
Protists
Plants
Fungi
Animals

8. ARCHAEA (Prokaryote) Kingdom - ARCHAEBACTERIA
Probably the 1st cells to evolve
Live in HARSH environments
Found in:
Sewage Treatment Plants (Methanogens)
Thermal or Volcanic Vents (Thermophiles)
Acidic hot springs or geysers (Thermophiles)
Very salty water: Dead Sea,
Great Salt Lake (Halophiles)

9. BACTERIA (Prokaryote)
Kingdom - EUBACTERIA
Some may cause disease
Found in ALL HABITATS except the most harsh
Important decomposers for environment
Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.

10. Domain Eukarya is Divided into Four Kingdoms
Protista (protozoans, algae…)
Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)
Plantae (multicellular plants)
Animalia (multicellular animals)

11. Protista Unicellular, multicellular, or colonial
Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Aquatic
Anything that is not a bacteria, animal, plant, or fungi—really a catch-all group!

12. Fungi Multicellular, except yeast
Absorptive heterotrophs: digest food outside their body & then absorb it
Cell walls made of chitin

13. Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic: Cell walls made of cellulose
Absorb sunlight to make glucose via Photosynthesis
Cell walls made of cellulose

14. Animalia Multicellular
Ingestive heterotrophs: Consume food & digest it inside their bodies
Feed on plants or animals