Domains and Kingdoms

3 Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

Words to know before we start… Organism- a living thing. Unicellular – one cell Multicellular – more than one cell Prokaryotic – doesn’t have a nucleus Eukaryotic – has a nucleus Autotroph – can create its own food Heterotroph – can’t make its own food

Domain Archaea Approximately 4% of all organisms are Archaea There are about 600,000 Archaea species All prokaryotes Includes one Kingdom: Archaebacteria Thermus aquaticus

Domain Archaea Include bacteria that live in extreme hot/cold environments Hot: hot springs (geysers at Yellowstone Park) and volcanic vents Cold: arctic temperatures (under polar ice caps, ocean waters of Antarctica) Also in extremely salty environments (Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake) Also in extreme chemical environments (in swamps, guts of cattle)

Domain Bacteria Approximately 7% of all organisms are Bacteria Estimated to be about 1 million types of bacteria of which only 4,000 have been identified Many are decomposers and non-harmful bacteria that help our bodies Many species help by producing antibiotics and food All prokaryotes Includes one Kingdom: Eubacteria

Ways bacteria affect you! Cause : Acne Cavities Body Odor Diseases – Strep Throat, Pneumonia, food poisioning Most bacterial species do not and cannot cause disease. Our body is covered with bacteria. There is more bacteria in one person’s mouth than there are people in the world.

Bacteria that are helpful Used to make foods like yogurt, sauerkraut, cheese, and vinegar Used to make medicines – antibiotics and vaccines Help to break down wastes (decomposers) like garbage, sewage, and oil – called bioremediation Help digest our food

Bacteria that cause disease Streptococcus Bacteria – causes Strep throat Bacterial Pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae Salmonella bacteria – causes food poisoning

Domain Eukarya Approximately 89% of all organisms are Eukarya There are about 12.4 million species All eukaryotes Includes four Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Kingdom Archaebacteria All prokaryotes Live in extreme environments Only unicellular Reproduce asexually Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Archae is the root for ancient Examples: Halophiles Thermophiles

Kingdom Eubacteria All prokaryotes Live in moderate environments Only unicellular Reproduce asexually Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Examples: E. coli Lactococcus lactis

Kingdom Protista All eukaryotes Mostly unicellular but some multicellular Can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic Can reproduce sexually or asexually 3 Groups Animal-like Plant-like Fungus-like Microscopic Live in Water

Kingdom Protista Animal-like protists Move Unicellular Heterotrophic Classified by how they move Cause many diseases Paramecium Amoeba

Kingdom Protista Plant-like Protists Autotrophic Algae are an example Found mostly in water Important food source for animals Don’t move

Kingdom Protista Fungus-like Protists Have cell walls Heterotrophic –must take in food Water molds, slime molds and mildew

Kingdom Fungi All eukaryotes Many multicellular and some unicellular All heterotrophs – feed on dead or decaying organisms Can not perform photosynthesis – no chloroplasts Can reproduce sexually or asexually Examples: Molds, Mushrooms and yeast

Kingdom Plantae All eukaryotic All multicellular All autotrophs, but in a few rare cases, some are also heterotrophs (Venus flytrap & Pitcher plant) Can reproduce sexually or asexually Life on Earth dependent on plants for food and habitat Examples: grass, trees, weeds and vegetable plants

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Animalia All eukaryotes All multicellular All heterotrophs Most reproduce sexually, but some may be asexual (sea anemones) Usually able to move (except sea coral) Most have specialized sense organs to respond to environment 90% are insects

Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates – Don’t have backbones Insects Seas stars Sponges Jellyfish Worms Mollusks – snails, clams, octopus

Kingdom Animalia Vertebrates – Have backbone Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals