7.2 Energy in Earth’s Atmosphere How does the Sun’s energy travel to Earth? SC.6.E.7.5 What happens to the Sun’s energy near Earth? SC.6.E.7.5, LA.6.2.2.3, MA.6.A.3.6 How does the Sun’s Energy affect Global winds? SC.6.E.7.5

I’ve Seen the Light! Electromagnetic RADIATION The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. A table showing the 7 types of electromagnetic radiation listed from longest wavelength all the way to shortest wavelength. The Electromagnetic SPECTRUM Radio Waves Microwaves Infra-Red Waves Visible Light Ultra Violet Rays X-Rays Gamma Rays Please give credit to Adam Lockwood—practicum student Created this slide and the next slide.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Very Long Waves Very Short Waves A B C E F G Micro Waves Infra Red Ultra Violet Radio Waves X-Rays Gamma Rays D Visible Light

What happens to the Sun’s energy near Earth? Absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere. The rest passes through the atmosphere to Earth’s surface. What happens to the Sun’s energy near Earth? Different wavelengths of radiation are absorbed by different layers in the atmosphere. Ex. Some UV radiation is Absorbed by the Ozone Layer, Infrared Radiation reaches farther into the atmosphere, etc. A process called scattering is the cause Gas molecules scatter short wavelengths of Visible light (blue & violet) more than long Wavelengths (red & orange) Scattered sunlight looks bluer than ordinary sunlight Why is the sky blue??

Energy at Earth’s Surface Reflected Energy at Earth’s Surface absorbed absorbed radiated reflected

Earth’s surface radiates some energy back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere and absorbs some ultra-violet radiation Much of it’s absorbed by water Vapor, carbon dioxide, and other Gases. The absorbed radiation heats The gases in the air These gases in turn hold heat in Earth’s Atmosphere in a process called the Greenhouse effect

Energy provided by the sun influences: Global winds Coriolis Effect global winds and creates temperature Differences among Earth’s air, water, and land Global winds Created by unequal heating of Earth’s Surface Occur over a large area The way Earth’s rotation makes winds curve Northern Hemisphere—winds turn towards the right Southern Hemisphere—winds turn towards the left Coriolis Effect

Why does land heat and cool Quicker than water? Doldrums Horse Latitudes Trade Winds Prevailing Westerlies, Polar Easterlies Global Wind Belts Why does land heat and cool Quicker than water? Less energy is needed to raise the temperature of land Land does not transmit light -so heat is absorbed only at the surface

How does the heating of the land And water affect air temperature? The air above land and water heats and cools with those surfaces This helps create winds How does the heating of the land And water affect air temperature? Latitude: is the distance from the equator measured in degrees.