Islam Expands 10.2

4.2.1 Growth of Islam and Dar al-Islam [A country, territory, land, or abode where Muslim sovereignty prevails] – Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire. diverse religious traditions of Islam - Sunni, Shi'a/Shi'ite, Sufi role of Dar al-Islam as a cultural, political, and economic force in Afro-Eurasia the caliphate as both a religious and political institution, and the persistence of other traditions in the Arab World including Christianity the founding geographic extent of Muslim empires and the artistic, scientific, technological, and economic features of Muslim society

Islam Muhammad- Prophet Qur’an – Gods Word Five pillars of Islam

Muhammad dies in 632 Who is in Control? “Rightly Guided” Caliphs (Successor) Used the Qur’an and Muhammad's actions as the guides for leadership. First Four Caliphs- “Caliphate” Abu- Baker Umar Utman Ali Islam empire greatly expands through the Middle East, N. Africa, and Spain under the Caliphate

The expansion of Islam was military and religious as well as cultural and political Reasons for Success a common religion & central power in the caliphate. “Jihad” the relative weaknesses of the Byzantine and Persian empires. bold and efficient military methods: use of horses and camels the fact that Muslims were often viewed as liberators. a shared cultural identity among Muslims

Division Begins 656 Uthman –Murdered Ali (Muhammad's son in law) was the next selection Challenged by Governor of Syria 661 Ali Assassinated. ELECTIVE PROCESS OF Rule is over.

The Religious Split Umayyad family takes control (661 – 750) Move capital to Damascus Surround themselves with wealth and ceremony Creates religious and political opposition

Religious divide Sunni (Majority) Shi’a (Minority) Believe rulers should follow Muhammad's example Believe the first four caliphs were “Rightly Guided” Shi’a (Minority) Believe that Ali should have been named successor Rulers should have descended from Muhammad.

Abbasids take control (750 – 1258) Move capital to Baghdad, Iraq On a key trade route Developed huge Bureaucracy Treasury for money Department for the army Foreign Diplomats Consulted with religious leader Leadership fails because territory is to large

Muslim trade network Two major sea trading networks Mediterranean sea and Indian Ocean Connected to the Silk Road China, India, Africa, Europe Single language: Arabic Single Currency: Abbasid Dinar

Today in chapter 10.3 Muslim Culture With the expansion of Trade, Comes cultural integration!