1. Warm-Up:
What events (4 of them) just occurred it the last unit that was a conflict between two religions?
What were the two religions involved in the conflict?
What is the holy city that the two religions came into conflict about?

2. Muslim Empire How could the extent of the Muslim empire affect Africa?
New languages, Trade, Cultural Diffusion, Religion, Math, Medicine, Moral Conduct, Family Life, Business Matters, tax to help the poor

3. Africa Gold and Salt Trade
Arab and Berber traders took salt from the Sahara to trade for gold in West Africa. (and vice versa)
Clothes and weapons from the Mediterranean port were taken to West Africa.
Natural barrier for trade

4. Discussion Questions
What are the challenges and impacts between West Africa trade routes, the Sahara, and the Mediterranean ports?
Compare the Africa Gold and Salt Trade to the Silk Road?
Similarities: Long distances, cultural diffusion, growth of wealth, trading slaves, trading ideas
Differences: Silk Road- silk and spices, and covering several continents
African Gold and Salt- gold, salt, all in Africa

5. Effects of the Spread of Islam into Africa
Blending new languages
New trading settlements emerge along the coast of Africa
The Selling of Slaves
Growth of commerce and trade in East Africa
Interactions with Muslims bring wealth to Asia and Africa by way of trade routes.
How does Slavery in the Middle Ages in Europe compare to slavery in the Muslim Empire?
Middle Ages – serfs tied to land, protected by lord
Muslim- slaves with a variety of roles and responsibilities

6. Advancements Astrolabe – navigation = stars
Spurred by contact with Europe, i.e., telescope
Medical advancements
Algebra

7. Caliphates
Caliph- successor or deputy. Name given to leaders after Muhammad’s death.
Caliphate- government

8. Specific Caliphates
Fatimids- traced ancestory to Muhammad’s daughter and controlled areas in North Africa, Arabia, and Syria. Capital City was Cairo.
Abbasids- took power and murdered members of the Ummayads’ family. Built their capital city in Baghdad. Controlled modern areas of Iran, Iraq, and Central Asia.
Umayyads- surrounded themselves with wealth, caused a split in the community. As a result 3 parties develop: Shi’a (descendents of Muhammad), Sunni (Muslims who left and lost touch with religion), and Sufi (no life of luxury, spirtual life, and focused on Quran and its traditions).

9. Fatimid Empire (909-1171) Capital: Cairo Abbasid Empire (750-1258)
Capital: Baghdad
Caliphates Trade is controlled in northwestern Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea

10. Vocabulary
Qadis- a judge in a Muslim community, whose decisions are based on Islamic religious law.
Imams- A ruler claiming descent from Muhammad and exercising authority in an Islamic state.
Both are officials that created and interprets laws.

11. Vocabulary to Know:
Jihad- a holy war undertaken as a sacred duty by Muslims. Spread of religion
Hajj- holy pilgrimage to Mecca.
Koran (Quran)- holy book that had ideological differences with Christianity and Judaism

13. Start Spread of Islam Map
Ummayad Empire
Africa Gold and Salt Trade

14. Fatimid Empire
( )
Capital: Cairo
Abbasid Empire
( )
Capital: Baghdad