1. Bell Ringer
What impact do you think the death of Muhammad had on the Islamic faith/empire?

2. EQ: How did Islam evolve after the death of Muhammad?
Spread of Islam
EQ: How did Islam evolve after the death of Muhammad?

3. Muhammad’s Successors
Caliph – the religious and political successor to Muhammad
Abu Bakr – 1st caliph, Muhammad’s father-in-law, chief adviser.
Expanded the empire into Persia, Africa, and into Byzantine territory

4. Muhammad’s Successors
Abu Bakr died with no clear successor
The next two caliphs to rule were assassinated
Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, was chosen as caliph
Assassinated after 5 years

5. Islam Splits Division over who should be caliph caused a schism
Sunni – Believe the caliph was a political position that should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community

6. Islam Splits
Shia - Believe the true successors to Muhammad come from Ali (and Muhammad’s daughter) and are both political and religious leaders.

7. Islam Splits
Sufi – Muslim mystics and missionaries who sought closer connection to God through fasting and meditation

8. Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad dynasty established (Sunni) (661-750)
Capital = Damascus
Empire expanded to largest size
stopped by the Franks at the Battle of Tours (732)
Favored Arab Muslims over non-Arabs
Leads to decline

9. Abbassid Caliphate
Abbassid Caliphate was established after capturing Damascus from the Umayyad ( )
Ends Arab domination
Moves capital from Damascus to Baghdad
Considered a golden age

10. Treatment of Conquered People
People of the Book allowed to practice their own religion
Jizya – special tax on non-Muslims
Many people converted because of the spiritual equality and military success of Islam.

11. Essential Question
How did Islam develop after the death of Muhammad?

12. Review
Who was the first caliph?

13. Review
Which sect of Islam believed that the rightful caliphs are Ali’s heirs?

14. Review
This caliphate ended a period of Arab domination and was centered in Baghdad.

15. Review
A special tax paid by non-Muslims.

16. Review
This event stopped the Muslim expansion into Europe.