1. SPREAD OF ISLAM
Ch. 10 Sec. 2

2. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
PROBLEM:
Muhammad died in 632 and never named a successor
Wanted to spread Islam to the rest of the world, but did not have a leader
WHERE/WHEN:
Arabian Peninsula in 632
See Map

3. Arabian Peninsula

4. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
KEY PLAYERS:
Rightly Guided Caliphs
Used Qu’ran and Muhammad’s example as a guide to good leadership
Spread Islam through diplomacy and military force
Did not force conquered peoples to convert to Islam (religion tolerated), instead used restrictions and taxes
*Because Jews and Christians believed in the same God as Muslims, they were permitted to live in self governing communities and had to pay a special tax

5. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
KEY PLAYERS –
Ummayads –
Came to power after last two Rightly Guided Caliphs were assassinated
Moved capital from Mecca to Damascus to make it easier to govern conquered territories
Abandoned Muhammad’s example of a simple life and instead surrounded themselves with wealth

6. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
KEY PLAYERS –
Abbasids
Overthrew Ummayads & murdered any remaining members of family
Moved capital to Baghdad in Iraq because it was on a key trade route
Controlled empire through a bureaucracy
Taxed land, imports, exports, & non-Muslim wealth

7. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
KEY EVENTS:
Death of Muhammad
Muhammad died in 632 but had not declared an heir
Rightly Guided Caliphs
Expanded Islamic Empire from Atlantic Ocean to Indus River (twice the size of United States)

8. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
KEY EVENTS:
Ummayads
Moved capital to Damascus and lived a life of wealth and ceremony
Led to split in Muslim Community

9. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
KEY EVENTS –
Split of Islam
*Shiites – Caliph should be related to Muhammad (did not get along with Ummayads)
*Sunni – Caliph should be a follower of Muhammad’s example
Sufi – led life of poverty and devotion, believed Ummayads were too luxurious

10. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
KEY EVENTS –
Abbasids
Had trouble maintaining power over huge empire
Remained united in religion, trade, and language

11. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
OUTCOMES –
Islam spread from a small part of the Arabian peninsula when Muhammad died to controlling areas on Africa, Europe, and Asia
Arabs spread Islam through:
*Sufi missionaries
*Conquest
*Trade

12. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
OUTCOMES –
Growth of Trade
Able to trade on Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean
*Linked to China, India, and Europe on the Silk Road
*Muslim merchants only needed one language (Arabic) and one currency (Dinar) to trade from China to Europe
*Muslims invented the sakk (check)

13. PICKING MUHAMMADS SUCCESSOR
MODERN IMPACT –
Leadership of the Islamic party is still a divisive issue in the Middle East
Sunni and Shittes Muslims still exist today and fight for control of Muslims across the world

14. Quick Review
After Muhammad’s death, a dispute over who would be his successor lead to a division of what three groups?
Since Jews and Christians worshipped the same God as Muslims, how did the caliphs treat them?
After the Arabs united under Islam, what methods did they use to spread their religion?

15. Quick Review
After Muhammad’s death, a dispute over who would be his successor lead to a division of what two groups? Sufi, Sunnis and Shiites
Since Jews and Christians worshipped the same God as Muslims, how did the caliphs treat them? Permitted to live in self governing communities and had to pay a special tax
After the Arabs united under Islam, what methods did they use to spread their religion? Sufi missionaries, conquest and trade

16. Ticket Out
Answer the 2 questions that appear at the bottom of the map.