The Five Canons of Rhetoric & The Aristotelian Appeals

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The Five Canons of Rhetoric & The Aristotelian Appeals AP Language and Composition Mrs. Fertenbaugh

The Five Canons of Rhetoric The study of rhetoric is traditionally broken up into five parts: Invention Arrangement Style Memory Delivery

Introduction to the Appeals INVENTION Non-Artistic Proofs Do not require invention – already exist Can not be changed by the writer to modify the situation (Laws, Witnesses, Contracts) Artistic Proofs Created by the Situation Invented by the speaker to help modify the situation using effective rhetoric Ethos, Logos, Pathos

Ethos Appeal to credibility Can be established by Reputation Education Experience Shared Values Sincerity DON’T GO THERE: over establishing ethos makes the author have a case of dogmatism. Yuck. 

Logos Appeals to logic Offering clear, rational ideas Based on assumptions Supported claims using facts, statistics, research, data Inductive and Deductive Reasoning patterns Comparative Logic Addressing the counterargument Agree (concede) that the counterargument may be true, but Deny (refute) the validity of all or part of it DON’T GO THERE: Establishing logic for an argument is not simply inundating the audience with facts. Too many, irrelevant pieces of info = boring/lack cogency/off topic

Pathos Appeals to emotion Addressing audience in the first person Using diction with strong connotations Vivid, concrete description Figurative language DON’T GO THERE: Relying solely on this appeal can be considered propagandistic. They are easy to rubut!